ATF4 Antibody | Affinity Biosciences

Product:	ATF4 Antibody
Catalog:	DF6008
Description:	Rabbit polyclonal antibody to ATF4
Application:	WB IHC IF/ICC
Reactivity:	Human, Mouse, Rat
Prediction:	Pig, Bovine, Horse, Sheep, Dog, Chicken
Mol.Wt.:	39~49kD; 39kD(Calculated).
Uniprot:	P18848
RRID:	AB_2833025

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Blocking peptides are peptides that bind specifically to the target antibody and block antibody binding. These peptide usually contains the epitope recognized by the antibody. Antibodies bound to the blocking peptide no longer bind to the epitope on the target protein. By comparing the staining from the blocked antibody versus the antibody alone, one can see which staining is specific.

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200ul	$350	In stock

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MS Report

HPLC Report

MSDS

Data Sheet

COA

Protocols

WB Handbook

IHC Protocol

IF/ICC Protocol

Product Info

Source:

Rabbit

Application:

WB 1:500-1:2000, IHC 1:50-1:200, IF/ICC 1:100-1:500
*The optimal dilutions should be determined by the end user.
*Tips:

WB: For western blot detection of denatured protein samples. IHC: For immunohistochemical detection of paraffin sections (IHC-p) or frozen sections (IHC-f) of tissue samples. IF/ICC: For immunofluorescence detection of cell samples. ELISA(peptide): For ELISA detection of antigenic peptide.

Reactivity:

Human,Mouse,Rat

Prediction:

Pig(100%), Bovine(100%), Horse(80%), Sheep(100%), Dog(100%), Chicken(100%)

Clonality:

Polyclonal

Specificity:

ATF4 Antibody detects endogenous levels of total ATF4.

RRID:

AB_2833025
Cite Format: Affinity Biosciences Cat# DF6008, RRID:AB_2833025.

Conjugate:

Unconjugated.

Purification:

The antiserum was purified by peptide affinity chromatography using SulfoLink™ Coupling Resin (Thermo Fisher Scientific).

Storage:

Rabbit IgG in phosphate buffered saline , pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol. Store at -20 °C. Stable for 12 months from date of receipt.

Alias:

Fold/Unfold

Activating transcription factor 4; ATF 4; ATF4; ATF4 protein; ATF4_HUMAN; cAMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4; cAMP-responsive element-binding protein 2; CREB 2; CREB-2; CREB2; Cyclic AMP dependent transcription factor ATF 4; Cyclic AMP response element binding protein 2; Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4; Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 2; DNA binding protein TAXREB67; DNA-binding protein TAXREB67; Tax Responsive Enhancer Element B67; Tax-responsive enhancer element-binding protein 67; TaxREB67; TXREB;

Immunogens

Immunogen:

Uniprot:

P18848(ATF4_HUMAN) >>Visit HPA database.

Gene(ID):

ATF4(468)

Description:

ATF4 is a transcription factor, that accumulates predominantly in osteoblasts, where it regulates terminal osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. As a basic leucine-zipper (bZip) transcription factor, ATF4 can regulate amino acid metabolism, cellular redox state, and anti-stress responses. It also regulates age-related and diet-induced obesity and glucose homeostasis in mammals, and has conserved metabolic functions in flies. Due to its location at chromosome 22q13, a region linked to schizophrenia, ATF4 is considered as a positional candidate gene for schizophrenia. Otherwise, since ATF4 is induced by tumourmicroenvironmental factors, and regulates processes relevant to cancer progression, it might serve as a potential therapeutic target in cancer. This antibody is a rabbit polyclonal antibody raised against full length human ATF4 antigen.

Sequence:

P18848 ATF4_HUMAN:
Protein BLAST With
NCBI/
ExPASy/
Uniprot

MTEMSFLSSEVLVGDLMSPFDQSGLGAEESLGLLDDYLEVAKHFKPHGFSSDKAKAGSSEWLAVDGLVSPSNNSKEDAFSGTDWMLEKMDLKEFDLDALLGIDDLETMPDDLLTTLDDTCDLFAPLVQETNKQPPQTVNPIGHLPESLTKPDQVAPFTFLQPLPLSPGVLSSTPDHSFSLELGSEVDITEGDRKPDYTAYVAMIPQCIKEEDTPSDNDSGICMSPESYLGSPQHSPSTRGSPNRSLPSPGVLCGSARPKPYDPPGEKMVAAKVKGEKLDKKLKKMEQNKTAATRYRQKKRAEQEALTGECKELEKKNEALKERADSLAKEIQYLKDLIEEVRKARGKKRVP

Predictions

Predictions:

Score>80(red) has high confidence and is suggested to be used for WB detection. *The prediction model is mainly based on the alignment of immunogen sequences, the results are for reference only, not as the basis of quality assurance.

Species

Results

Score

Pig

100

Bovine

100

Sheep

100

Dog

100

Chicken

100

Horse

Xenopus

Zebrafish

Rabbit

Model Confidence:
High(score>80) Medium(80>score>50) Low(score<50) No confidence

PTMs - P18848 As Substrate

P18848

Site	PTM Type	Enzyme	Source
K45	Sumoylation		Uniprot
K45	Ubiquitination		Uniprot
K53	Sumoylation		Uniprot
K53	Ubiquitination		Uniprot
K55	Ubiquitination		Uniprot
S69	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
K75	Ubiquitination		Uniprot
K88	Ubiquitination		Uniprot
T107	Phosphorylation	P07949 (RET)	Uniprot
T114	Phosphorylation	P07949 (RET)	Uniprot
T115	Phosphorylation	P07949 (RET)	Uniprot
T119	Phosphorylation	P07949 (RET)	Uniprot
S215	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
S219	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
S224	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
S245	Phosphorylation	P51812 (RPS6KA3)	Uniprot
S248	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
K259	Ubiquitination		Uniprot
K267	Sumoylation		Uniprot
K267	Ubiquitination		Uniprot
K277	Ubiquitination		Uniprot
T293	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
Y295	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
K299	Ubiquitination		Uniprot
K311	Acetylation	PR:000007102 (EP300)	Uniprot
K329	Ubiquitination		Uniprot
K335	Ubiquitination		Uniprot
K343	Acetylation		Uniprot
K348	Acetylation		Uniprot

Research Backgrounds

P18848_ATF4_HUMAN

Function:

Transcriptional activator. Binds the cAMP response element (CRE) (consensus: 5'-GTGACGT[AC][AG]-3'), a sequence present in many viral and cellular promoters. Cooperates with FOXO1 in osteoblasts to regulate glucose homeostasis through suppression of beta-cell production and decrease in insulin production (By similarity). It binds to a Tax-responsive enhancer element in the long terminal repeat of HTLV-I. Regulates the induction of DDIT3/CHOP and asparagine synthetase (ASNS) in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In concert with DDIT3/CHOP, activates the transcription of TRIB3 and promotes ER stress-induced neuronal apoptosis by regulating the transcriptional induction of BBC3/PUMA. Activates transcription of SIRT4. Regulates the circadian expression of the core clock component PER2 and the serotonin transporter SLC6A4. Binds in a circadian time-dependent manner to the cAMP response elements (CRE) in the SLC6A4 and PER2 promoters and periodically activates the transcription of these genes. During ER stress response, activates the transcription of NLRP1, possibly in concert with other factors.

PTMs:

Ubiquitinated by SCF(BTRC) in response to mTORC1 signal, followed by proteasomal degradation and leading to down-regulate expression of SIRT4.

Phosphorylated by NEK6 (By similarity). Phosphorylated on the betaTrCP degron motif at Ser-219, followed by phosphorylation at Thr-213, Ser-224, Ser-231, Ser-235 and Ser-248, promoting interaction with BTRC and ubiquitination. Phosphorylation is promoted by mTORC1 (By similarity).

Phosphorylated by NEK6.

Subcellular Location:

Cytoplasm. Cell membrane. Nucleus. Cytoplasm>Cytoskeleton>Microtubule organizing center>Centrosome.
Note: Colocalizes with GABBR1 in hippocampal neuron dendritic membranes (By similarity). Colocalizes with NEK6 at the centrosome (PubMed:20873783).

Subunit Structure:

Binds DNA as a homodimer and as a heterodimer. Interacts with CEBPB and binds DNA as a heterodimer with CEBPB. Interacts (via its leucine zipper domain) with GABBR1 and GABBR2 (via their C-termini). Interacts (via its DNA binding domain) with FOXO1 (C-terminal half); the interaction occurs in osteoblasts and regulates glucose homeostasis through suppression of beta-cell proliferation and a decrease in insulin production. Interacts with SATB2; the interaction results in enhanced DNA binding and transactivation by these transcription factors (By similarity). Interacts with CEP290 (via an N-terminal region). Interacts with NEK6, DAPK2 (isoform 2) and ZIPK/DAPK3. Forms a heterodimer with TXLNG in osteoblasts. Interacts with DDIT3/CHOP. Interacts with ABRAXAS2.

Family&Domains:

The BetaTrCP degron motif promotes binding to BTRC when phosphorylated.

Belongs to the bZIP family.

Research Fields

· Cellular Processes > Cell growth and death > Apoptosis. (View pathway)

· Environmental Information Processing > Signal transduction > MAPK signaling pathway. (View pathway)

· Environmental Information Processing > Signal transduction > cGMP-PKG signaling pathway. (View pathway)

· Environmental Information Processing > Signal transduction > PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. (View pathway)

· Environmental Information Processing > Signal transduction > TNF signaling pathway. (View pathway)

· Genetic Information Processing > Folding, sorting and degradation > Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum. (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Endocrine and metabolic diseases > Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

· Human Diseases > Substance dependence > Cocaine addiction.

· Human Diseases > Substance dependence > Amphetamine addiction.

· Human Diseases > Substance dependence > Alcoholism.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Viral > Hepatitis B.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Viral > HTLV-I infection.

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Overview > Viral carcinogenesis.

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Specific types > Prostate cancer. (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Aging > Longevity regulating pathway. (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Circulatory system > Adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes. (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Nervous system > Long-term potentiation.

· Organismal Systems > Nervous system > Neurotrophin signaling pathway. (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Nervous system > Cholinergic synapse.

· Organismal Systems > Nervous system > Dopaminergic synapse.

· Organismal Systems > Endocrine system > Insulin secretion. (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Endocrine system > Estrogen signaling pathway. (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Endocrine system > Thyroid hormone synthesis.

· Organismal Systems > Endocrine system > Glucagon signaling pathway.

· Organismal Systems > Endocrine system > Aldosterone synthesis and secretion.

· Organismal Systems > Endocrine system > Relaxin signaling pathway.

References

1). A marine-derived small molecule induces immunogenic cell death against triple-negative breast cancer through ER stress-CHOP pathway. International Journal of Biological Sciences, 2023 (PubMed: 35541893) [IF=9.2]

Application: WB Species: human Sample: MDA-MB-231 cells

Figure 2. | MHO7 induced ER stress and cell cycle arrest in TNBC cells.(D) The expression of BiP/p-PERK/p-eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP were measured by western blot under MHO7 treatment in MDA-MB-231 cells.

2). Icariside II enhances cisplatin-induced apoptosis by promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress signalling in non-small cell lung cancer cells. International Journal of Biological Sciences, 2022 (PubMed: 35342361) [IF=9.2]

Application: WB Species: mouse Sample: A549/DDP cells

Figure 5.| IS enhances cisplatin-induced apoptosis by promoting ER stress in A549/DDP cells.(H) IS promotes the expression of the proapoptotic transcription factor CHOP. Cells were harvested after 24 h of treatment. Data were from at least three independent experiments. 4-PBA: 4-phyenylbutyric acid.

3). Zonisamide, an antiepileptic drug, alleviates diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 2020 (PubMed: 32647341) [IF=8.2]

Application: WB Species: mice Sample: NRCMs

Fig. 6 Zonisamide alleviates HG-induced cardiac hypertrophy and apoptosis in cultured primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) via suppression of activated ER stress. NRCMs were pretreated with 5 mM 4-PBA (an inhibitor of ERS) or 10 ng/mL tunicamycin (Tm, an ERS inducer) for 2 h and then exposed to glucose (33 mM) in the presence or absence of ZNS (3 μM) for 24 h. a–b Representative and quantitative images showing the protein expression of ERS markers, including GRP78, XBP-1s, ATF6, p-PERK, PERK, ATF4, CHOP, and Hrd1. c Immunofluorescence staining of cardiomyocytes with phalloidin (red) and cell nuclei with DAPI (blue), Scale bar = 50 μm. d Quantitative analysis of cell surface area by ImageJ software. e–f Representative Western blotting and analysis of Bax and Bcl-2 expression. g–h Representative and quantitative images of GRP78, ATF6, p-PERK, PERK, ATF4, and CHOP expression. All values are the fold changes normalized to their control group. The results are presented as the means ± SEM (n = 6). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. Con; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs. HG; $P < 0.05, $$P < 0.01 vs. HG + ZNS.

4). Discontinuation of PTH therapy amplifies bone loss by increasing oxidative stress: An event ameliorated by sequential IL-17 neutralizing antibody therapy. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2022 (PubMed: 34839260) [IF=7.5]

5). Honokiol induces paraptosis-like cell death of acute promyelocytic leukemia via mTOR & MAPK signaling pathways activation. Apoptosis, 2021 (PubMed: 33550458) [IF=7.2]

Application: IF/ICC Species: human Sample: NB4 cells

Fig. 4 | HNK can stimulate the mitochondrial damage and endoplasmic reticulum stress. The NB4 cells were incubated with 0, 10, 20,and 30 μM HNK for 24 h.g The fuorescence intensity of endoplasmic reticulum stress protein ATF4 (green) was observed by immunofuorescence.

Application: IF/ICC Species: Human Sample: NB4 cells

Fig. 4 HNK can stimulate the mitochondrial damage and endoplasmic reticulum stress. The NB4 cells were incubated with 0, 10, 20, and 30 μM HNK for 24 h. a A fluorescent probe DCFH-DA detected the expression level of ROS in NB4 cells. 0.1 mg/mL Rosup was used as a positive control. b Measured the relative fluorescence intensity of each group of samples using a microplate reader. c Mitochondrial membrane potential was analyzed by JC-1. 0.1 mM CCCP was used as a positive control. d A specific endoplasmic reticulum fluorescent probe (red) was used to observe the formation of endoplasmic reticulum vacuoles (yellow allows) after 30 μM HNK treatment. e, f The endoplasmic reticulum stress protein BiP and CHOP were analyzed by western blotting. g The fluorescence intensity of endoplasmic reticulum stress protein ATF4 (green) was observed by immunofluorescence. h Real-Time PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of BiP, CHOP, and ATF4. The results are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3). Compared with the solvent group, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 (Color figure online)

6). Mitofusin2 Ameliorated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Through Maintaining Mitochondria-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane Integrity in Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, 2023 (PubMed: 37053105) [IF=6.6]

7). Growth differentiation factor-15 overexpression promotes cell proliferation and predicts poor prognosis in cerebral lower-grade gliomas correlated with hypoxia and glycolysis signature. Life Sciences, 2022 (PubMed: 35588865) [IF=6.1]

8). Protective Effect of Patchouli Alcohol Against High-Fat Diet Induced Hepatic Steatosis by Alleviating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Regulating VLDL Metabolism in Rats. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2019 (PubMed: 31632274) [IF=5.6]

Application: WB Species: rat Sample: liver

FIGURE 5 | PA treatment attenuated HFD-induced VLDLR expression in rats. (A) Representative immunoreactive bands of eIF2α, p-eIF2α, ATF4, and VLDLR

9). Patchouli alcohol alleviates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis via inhibiting mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane disruption-induced hepatic steatosis and inflammation in rats. International immunopharmacology, 2024 (PubMed: 38971107) [IF=5.6]

10). ATP citrate lyase inhibitor triggers endoplasmic reticulum stress to induce hepatocellular carcinoma cell apoptosis via p‐eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP axis. JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE, 2021 (PubMed: 33393219) [IF=5.3]

Application: WB Species: Human Sample: HepG2 cells

FIGURE 5 ACLY inhibitor triggers ER stress and activates p‐eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP axis in vitro. Western blot analysis of (A) ER stress‐related proteins (p‐eIF2α, eIF2α, ATF4 and CHOP) and (B) UPR signal transduction molecules (p‐PERK, PERK, p‐IRE1α, IRE1α and sXBP1) in HepG2 cells after administration of BMS‐303141. ATF4p‐eIF2α, eIF2α were activated 3 h post‐treatment; CHOP was activated 8 h post‐treatment. (* P < .05, ** P < .01 and *** P < .001, compared with control group) (C) Western blot analysis of protein expression after ATF4 knockdown. (D) Annexin V‐FITC/PI double staining was performed to determine the apoptosis rate of HepG2 cells after ATF4 knockdown via flow cytometry. (* P < .05, ** P < .01 and *** P < .001, compared with con siRNA group). All experiments were repeated 3 times

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ATF4 Antibody - #DF6008