TGF beta 1 Antibody | Affinity Biosciences

Product:	TGF beta 1 Antibody
Catalog:	AF1027
Description:	Rabbit polyclonal antibody to TGF beta 1
Application:	WB IHC IF/ICC
Reactivity:	Human, Mouse, Rat
Prediction:	Pig, Bovine, Horse, Sheep, Dog
Mol.Wt.:	44~65kd(precursor), 28kD(dimer), 15kD(monomer); 44kD(Calculated).
Uniprot:	P01137
RRID:	AB_2835389

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Blocking peptides are peptides that bind specifically to the target antibody and block antibody binding. These peptide usually contains the epitope recognized by the antibody. Antibodies bound to the blocking peptide no longer bind to the epitope on the target protein. By comparing the staining from the blocked antibody versus the antibody alone, one can see which staining is specific.

Size	Price	Inventory
100ul	$280	In stock
200ul	$350	In stock

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Related Downloads

MSDS

Data Sheet

COA

Protocols

WB Handbook

IHC Protocol

IF/ICC Protocol

Product Info

Source:

Rabbit

Application:

WB 1:500-1:2000, IHC 1:50-1:200, IF/ICC 1:200
*The optimal dilutions should be determined by the end user.
*Tips:

WB: For western blot detection of denatured protein samples. IHC: For immunohistochemical detection of paraffin sections (IHC-p) or frozen sections (IHC-f) of tissue samples. IF/ICC: For immunofluorescence detection of cell samples. ELISA(peptide): For ELISA detection of antigenic peptide.

Reactivity:

Human,Mouse,Rat

Prediction:

Pig(100%), Bovine(100%), Horse(100%), Sheep(100%), Dog(100%)

Clonality:

Polyclonal

Specificity:

TGF beta1 Antibody detects endogenous levels of total TGF beta1.

RRID:

AB_2835389
Cite Format: Affinity Biosciences Cat# AF1027, RRID:AB_2835389.

Conjugate:

Unconjugated.

Purification:

The antiserum was purified by peptide affinity chromatography using SulfoLink™ Coupling Resin (Thermo Fisher Scientific).

Storage:

Rabbit IgG in phosphate buffered saline , pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol. Store at -20 °C. Stable for 12 months from date of receipt.

Alias:

Fold/Unfold

Cartilage-inducing factor; CED; Differentiation inhibiting factor; DPD1; LAP; Latency-associated peptide; Prepro transforming growth factor beta 1; TGF beta 1; TGF beta; TGF beta 1 protein; TGF-beta 1 protein; TGF-beta-1; TGF-beta-5; TGF-beta1; TGFB; Tgfb-1; tgfb1; TGFB1_HUMAN; TGFbeta; TGFbeta1; Transforming Growth Factor b1; Transforming Growth Factor beta 1; Transforming growth factor beta 1a; transforming growth factor beta-1; transforming growth factor, beta 1; Transforming Growth Factor-ß1;

Immunogens

Immunogen:

Uniprot:

P01137(TGFB1_HUMAN) >>Visit HPA database.

Gene(ID):

TGFB 1(7040)

Expression:

P01137 TGFB1_HUMAN:

Highly expressed in bone (PubMed:11746498, PubMed:17827158). Abundantly expressed in articular cartilage and chondrocytes and is increased in osteoarthritis (OA) (PubMed:11746498, PubMed:17827158). Colocalizes with ASPN in chondrocytes within OA lesions of articular cartilage (PubMed:17827158).

Description:

Multifunctional protein that controls proliferation, differentiation and other functions in many cell types. Many cells synthesize TGFB1 and have specific receptors for it. It positively and negatively regulates many other growth factors.

Sequence:

P01137 TGFB1_HUMAN:
Protein BLAST With
NCBI/
ExPASy/
Uniprot

MPPSGLRLLLLLLPLLWLLVLTPGRPAAGLSTCKTIDMELVKRKRIEAIRGQILSKLRLASPPSQGEVPPGPLPEAVLALYNSTRDRVAGESAEPEPEPEADYYAKEVTRVLMVETHNEIYDKFKQSTHSIYMFFNTSELREAVPEPVLLSRAELRLLRLKLKVEQHVELYQKYSNNSWRYLSNRLLAPSDSPEWLSFDVTGVVRQWLSRGGEIEGFRLSAHCSCDSRDNTLQVDINGFTTGRRGDLATIHGMNRPFLLLMATPLERAQHLQSSRHRRALDTNYCFSSTEKNCCVRQLYIDFRKDLGWKWIHEPKGYHANFCLGPCPYIWSLDTQYSKVLALYNQHNPGASAAPCCVPQALEPLPIVYYVGRKPKVEQLSNMIVRSCKCS

Predictions

Predictions:

Score>80(red) has high confidence and is suggested to be used for WB detection. *The prediction model is mainly based on the alignment of immunogen sequences, the results are for reference only, not as the basis of quality assurance.

Species

Results

Score

Pig

100

Horse

100

Bovine

100

Sheep

100

Dog

100

Xenopus

Zebrafish

Chicken

Rabbit

Model Confidence:
High(score>80) Medium(80>score>50) Low(score<50) No confidence

PTMs - P01137 As Substrate

P01137

Site	PTM Type	Source
K42	Sumoylation	Uniprot
K42	Ubiquitination	Uniprot
K56	Ubiquitination	Uniprot
N82	N-Glycosylation	Uniprot
K106	Ubiquitination	Uniprot
K163	Ubiquitination	Uniprot
K291	Ubiquitination	Uniprot
K309	Ubiquitination	Uniprot
Y317	Phosphorylation	Uniprot

Research Backgrounds

P01137_TGFB1_HUMAN

Function:

Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein: Precursor of the Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) chains, which constitute the regulatory and active subunit of TGF-beta-1, respectively.

Required to maintain the Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) chain in a latent state during storage in extracellular matrix. Associates non-covalently with TGF-beta-1 and regulates its activation via interaction with 'milieu molecules', such as LTBP1, LRRC32/GARP and LRRC33/NRROS, that control activation of TGF-beta-1. Interaction with LRRC33/NRROS regulates activation of TGF-beta-1 in macrophages and microglia (Probable). Interaction with LRRC32/GARP controls activation of TGF-beta-1 on the surface of activated regulatory T-cells (Tregs). Interaction with integrins (ITGAV:ITGB6 or ITGAV:ITGB8) results in distortion of the Latency-associated peptide chain and subsequent release of the active TGF-beta-1.

Transforming growth factor beta-1: Multifunctional protein that regulates the growth and differentiation of various cell types and is involved in various processes, such as normal development, immune function, microglia function and responses to neurodegeneration (By similarity). Activation into mature form follows different steps: following cleavage of the proprotein in the Golgi apparatus, Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) chains remain non-covalently linked rendering TGF-beta-1 inactive during storage in extracellular matrix. At the same time, LAP chain interacts with 'milieu molecules', such as LTBP1, LRRC32/GARP and LRRC33/NRROS that control activation of TGF-beta-1 and maintain it in a latent state during storage in extracellular milieus. TGF-beta-1 is released from LAP by integrins (ITGAV:ITGB6 or ITGAV:ITGB8): integrin-binding to LAP stabilizes an alternative conformation of the LAP bowtie tail and results in distortion of the LAP chain and subsequent release of the active TGF-beta-1. Once activated following release of LAP, TGF-beta-1 acts by binding to TGF-beta receptors (TGFBR1 and TGFBR2), which transduce signal. While expressed by many cells types, TGF-beta-1 only has a very localized range of action within cell environment thanks to fine regulation of its activation by Latency-associated peptide chain (LAP) and 'milieu molecules' (By similarity). Plays an important role in bone remodeling: acts as a potent stimulator of osteoblastic bone formation, causing chemotaxis, proliferation and differentiation in committed osteoblasts (By similarity). Can promote either T-helper 17 cells (Th17) or regulatory T-cells (Treg) lineage differentiation in a concentration-dependent manner (By similarity). At high concentrations, leads to FOXP3-mediated suppression of RORC and down-regulation of IL-17 expression, favoring Treg cell development (By similarity). At low concentrations in concert with IL-6 and IL-21, leads to expression of the IL-17 and IL-23 receptors, favoring differentiation to Th17 cells (By similarity). Stimulates sustained production of collagen through the activation of CREB3L1 by regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP). Mediates SMAD2/3 activation by inducing its phosphorylation and subsequent translocation to the nucleus. Can induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell migration in various cell types.

PTMs:

Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein: The precursor proprotein is cleaved in the Golgi apparatus by FURIN to form Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) and Latency-associated peptide (LAP) chains, which remain non-covalently linked, rendering TGF-beta-1 inactive.

N-glycosylated. Deglycosylation leads to activation of Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1); mechanisms triggering deglycosylation-driven activation of TGF-beta-1 are however unclear.

Subcellular Location:

Secreted>Extracellular space>Extracellular matrix.

Secreted.

Tissue Specificity:

Highly expressed in bone. Abundantly expressed in articular cartilage and chondrocytes and is increased in osteoarthritis (OA). Colocalizes with ASPN in chondrocytes within OA lesions of articular cartilage.

Subunit Structure:

Homodimer; disulfide-linked. Interacts with the serine proteases, HTRA1 and HTRA3: the interaction with either inhibits TGFB1-mediated signaling. The HTRA protease activity is required for this inhibition (By similarity). May interact with THSD4; this interaction may lead to sequestration by FBN1 microfibril assembly and attenuation of TGFB signaling (By similarity). Interacts with CD109, DPT and ASPN. Latency-associated peptide: Homodimer; disulfide-linked. Latency-associated peptide: Interacts with Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) chain; interaction is non-covalent and maintains (TGF-beta-1) in a latent state; each Latency-associated peptide (LAP) monomer interacts with TGF-beta-1 in the other monomer. Latency-associated peptide: Interacts with LTBP1; leading to regulate activation of TGF-beta-1. Latency-associated peptide: Interacts with LRRC32/GARP; leading to regulate activation of TGF-beta-1 on the surface of activated regulatory T-cells (Tregs). Interacts with LRRC33/NRROS; leading to regulate activation of TGF-beta-1 in macrophages and microglia (Probable). Latency-associated peptide: Interacts (via cell attachment site) with integrins ITGAV and ITGB6 (ITGAV:ITGB6), leading to release of the active TGF-beta-1. Latency-associated peptide: Interacts with NREP; the interaction results in a decrease in TGFB1 autoinduction (By similarity). Latency-associated peptide: Interacts with HSP90AB1; inhibits latent TGFB1 activation. Transforming growth factor beta-1: Homodimer; disulfide-linked. Transforming growth factor beta-1: Interacts with TGF-beta receptors (TGFBR1 and TGFBR2), leading to signal transduction.

Family&Domains:

The 'straitjacket' and 'arm' domains encircle the Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) monomers and are fastened together by strong bonding between Lys-56 and Tyr-103/Tyr-104.

The cell attachment site motif mediates binding to integrins (ITGAV:ITGB6 or ITGAV:ITGB8) (PubMed:28117447). The motif locates to a long loop in the arm domain called the bowtie tail (PubMed:28117447). Integrin-binding stabilizes an alternative conformation of the bowtie tail (PubMed:28117447). Activation by integrin requires force application by the actin cytoskeleton, which is resisted by the 'milieu molecules' (such as LTBP1, LRRC32/GARP and/or LRRC33/NRROS), resulting in distortion of the prodomain and release of the active TGF-beta-1 (PubMed:28117447).

Belongs to the TGF-beta family.

Research Fields

· Cellular Processes > Cell growth and death > Cell cycle. (View pathway)

· Cellular Processes > Cell growth and death > Cellular senescence. (View pathway)

· Environmental Information Processing > Signal transduction > MAPK signaling pathway. (View pathway)

· Environmental Information Processing > Signaling molecules and interaction > Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. (View pathway)

· Environmental Information Processing > Signal transduction > FoxO signaling pathway. (View pathway)

· Environmental Information Processing > Signal transduction > TGF-beta signaling pathway. (View pathway)

· Environmental Information Processing > Signal transduction > Hippo signaling pathway. (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Endocrine and metabolic diseases > Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Parasitic > Leishmaniasis.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Parasitic > Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis).

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Parasitic > Malaria.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Parasitic > Toxoplasmosis.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Parasitic > Amoebiasis.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Bacterial > Tuberculosis.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Viral > Hepatitis B.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Viral > HTLV-I infection.

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Overview > Pathways in cancer. (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Overview > Proteoglycans in cancer.

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Specific types > Colorectal cancer. (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Specific types > Renal cell carcinoma. (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Specific types > Pancreatic cancer. (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Specific types > Chronic myeloid leukemia. (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Specific types > Hepatocellular carcinoma. (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Specific types > Gastric cancer. (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Immune diseases > Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

· Human Diseases > Immune diseases > Rheumatoid arthritis.

· Human Diseases > Cardiovascular diseases > Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).

· Human Diseases > Cardiovascular diseases > Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).

· Organismal Systems > Development > Osteoclast differentiation. (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Immune system > Th17 cell differentiation. (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Immune system > Intestinal immune network for IgA production. (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Endocrine system > Relaxin signaling pathway.

References

1). Phenytoin silver: a new nanocompound for promoting dermal wound healing via comprehensive pharmacological action. Theranostics, 2017 (PubMed: 28255340) [IF=12.4]

Application: WB Species: human Sample:

Figure 6. PnAg regulates gp130/Jak/Stat3 signaling pathway (A) and (B) NIH-3T3 and HaCat Cells were treated with PnAg at different concentrations and cell viability was tested using MTT analysis. (C) Wound healing assay reflected the effect of PnAg on cell migration. (D) Binding mode of PnAg in the active pocket of gp130. (E) and (F) MMPs activity and expression levels of Stat3, VEGF, TGFB-1, and TGFB1 detected using zymographic and Western blot assays. (G) Diagram of the proposed function of PnAg in wound inflammation and re-epithelialization controls.

Application: IHC Species: rat Sample:

Figure 2. PnAg promotes wound healing in SD rats. (A) Photographs of rat skin full-thickness excision wounds on different post-excision days. (B) Change in wound areas of SD rats after treatment; (C) and (D) Expression levels of collagen I, NF-κB, TGF-ß, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in tissues on day 7 and 17 detected by immunohistochemistry. (E) Histogram of protein expression levels in these tissues. (F) and (G) Histomorphological changes in wound tissues stained by Masson trichrome and HE on day 17.

2). 3D mesenchymal stem cell exosome-functionalized hydrogels for corneal wound healing. Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society, 2025 (PubMed: 39955036) [IF=10.5]

3). An in situ tissue engineering scaffold with growth factors combining angiogenesis and osteoimmunomodulatory functions for advanced periodontal bone regeneration. JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY, 2021 (PubMed: 34404409) [IF=10.2]

4). Aligned electrospun poly(l-lactide) nanofibers facilitate wound healing by inhibiting macrophage M1 polarization via the JAK-STAT and NF-κB pathways. JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY, 2022 (PubMed: 35883095) [IF=10.2]

Application: IHC Species: Mice Sample: skin

Fig. 5 Histological analysis of skin defects in mice. A H&E staining in the three groups on days 7 and 14. The dotted lines indicate the size of the wound. B Masson staining in three groups on days 7 and 14. The dotted lines indicate the size of the wound. C Immunofluorescence staining of TGF-β1 in each group of skin sections on days 7 and 14. DAPI is stained blue, and TGF-β1 is stained green. D Immunofluorescence staining of CD31 in each group of skin sections on days 7 and 14. DAPI is stained blue, and CD31 is stained red. Arrows indicate the location of neovascularization. E, F Mean fluorescence intensity of TGF-β1 in each group of skin sections on days 7 and 14. G, H Mean fluorescence intensity of CD31 in each group of skin sections on days 7 and 14 (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, n = 3)

5). LONP1 targets HMGCS2 to protect mitochondrial function and attenuate chronic kidney disease. EMBO molecular medicine, 2023 (PubMed: 36629048) [IF=9.0]

Application: WB Species: Human Sample: HK2 cells

Figure 4. LONP1 attenuated TGF‐β1‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction and fibrotic response in HK2 cells. AQuantification of mitochondrial ROS production (n = 4, biological replicates). B, CMeasurement of oxygen consumption rate (OCR) using an XF96 Extracellular Flux Analyzer. OSR, spare respiratory capacity (n = 8–10 in each group, biological replicates). DqRT‐PCR analysis of FN1, Collagen I, Collagen III, Collagen IV, α‐SMA and Vimentin (n = 3, biological replicates). E, FWestern blot and densitometric analysis for the expression of Collagen I, α‐SMA, and Vimentin (n = 3, two independent experiments were carried out). GQuantification of mitochondrial ROS production (n = 4, biological replicates). H, IMeasurement of OCR and OSR using an XF96 Extracellular Flux Analyzer (n = 8 or 10 in each group, biological replicates). JqRT‐PCR analysis of FN1, Collagen I, Collagen III, Collagen IV, α‐SMA and Vimentin (n = 3, biological replicates). K, LWestern blot and densitometric analysis for the expression of Collagen I, α‐SMA, and Vimentin (n = 3, two independent experiments were carried out). Data information: In (A–F), HK2 cells were transfected with vector or Lonp1 plasmid, and then treated with TGF‐β1 (10 ng/ml) for 24 h. In (G–L), HK2 cells were transfected with vector or Lonp1 shRNA, and then treated with TGF‐β1 (10 ng/ml) for 24 h. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. One‐way ANOVA.

6). Multifunctional human serum albumin fusion protein as a docetaxel nanocarrier for chemo-photothermal synergetic therapy of ovarian cancer. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2022 (PubMed: 35441508) [IF=8.3]

7). Degradation of Different Molecular Weight Fucoidans and Their Inhibition of TGF-β1 Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Mouse Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2020 (PubMed: 32057857) [IF=7.7]

Application: IF/ICC Species: Mouse Sample: MTEC cells

Fig. 7. The result of cell immunofluorescence assay after LHXs and TGF-β1 treated MTEC for 24 and 48 h. Representative images (3 visual fields for each tissue analyzed) of immunolabeling for Fn and nuclear staining with DAPI. Scale bar, 50 ~μm.

8). Repairing gastric ulcer with hyaluronic acid/extracellular matrix composite through promoting M2-type polarization of macrophages. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2023 (PubMed: 37364804) [IF=7.7]

9). Phillygenin inhibited M1 macrophage polarization and reduced hepatic stellate cell activation by inhibiting macrophage exosomal miR-125b-5p. BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY, 2023 (PubMed: 36652738) [IF=6.9]

Application: WB Species: Mouse Sample: mHSCs

Fig. 3. PHI treatment reduced M1 macrophage-induced HSC activation. (a) mHSCs were co-cultured with the CMs from RAW264.7 cells with LPS/IFNγ and PHI treatment for 12 h. (b-g) The expression of MMP2, TIMP1, TGF-β, α-SMA, COL1 and NF-κB mRNA in mHSCs after co-culture with macrophage-derived CMs for 24 h was detected by RT-qPCR (n = 3). (h) The expression of TGF-β, α-SMA, COL1, P65 and P-P65 proteins in mHSCs after co-culture with macrophage-derived CMs for 24 h was detected by western blotting. (i) The relative quantification of TGF-β, α-SMA, COL1 and P-P65/P65 protein expression in western blotting results was analyzed by ImageJ software (n = 3). (j) The expression of cytoplasm and nucleus NF-κB P65 proteins in mHSCs after co-culture with macrophage-derived CMs for 24 h was detected by western blotting. (k, l) The relative quantification of cytoplasm and nucleus NF-κB P65 protein expression in western blotting results was analyzed by ImageJ software (n = 3). (m) Immunofluorescence staining of α-SMA in mHSCs after co-culture with CMs from RAW264.7 cells with different treatments for 24 h (Scale bar=100 µm). Results are presented as mean ± SD. ###P

10). Bryodulcosigenin attenuates bleomycin‐induced pulmonary fibrosis via inhibiting AMPK‐mediated mesenchymal epithelial transition and oxidative stress. PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, 2022 (PubMed: 35794782) [IF=6.1]

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Affinity Biosciences tests all products strictly. Citations are provided as a resource for additional applications that have not been validated by Affinity Biosciences. Please choose the appropriate format for each application and consult Materials and Methods sections for additional details about the use of any product in these publications.

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TGF beta 1 Antibody - #AF1027