Cytochrome C Antibody - #AF7004

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Product: Cytochrome C Antibody
Catalog: AF7004
Description: Rabbit polyclonal antibody to Cytochrome C
Application: WB IHC IF/ICC
Reactivity: Human, Mouse, Rat, Monkey
Prediction: Pig, Zebrafish, Bovine, Horse, Sheep, Rabbit, Dog, Chicken, Xenopus
Mol.Wt.: 15kDa; 12kD(Calculated).
Uniprot: P99999
RRID: AB_2835312

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Lead Time: Same day delivery

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Related Downloads
MSDS
Data Sheet
COA
Protocols
WB Handbook
IHC Protocol
IF/ICC Protocol

Product Info

Source:
Rabbit
Application:
WB 1:500-1:2000, IHC 1:50-1:200, IF/ICC 1:200
*The optimal dilutions should be determined by the end user.
*Tips:

WB: For western blot detection of denatured protein samples. IHC: For immunohistochemical detection of paraffin sections (IHC-p) or frozen sections (IHC-f) of tissue samples. IF/ICC: For immunofluorescence detection of cell samples. ELISA(peptide): For ELISA detection of antigenic peptide.

Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat,Monkey
Prediction:
Pig(100%), Zebrafish(82%), Bovine(100%), Horse(100%), Sheep(100%), Rabbit(100%), Dog(100%), Chicken(100%), Xenopus(100%)
Clonality:
Polyclonal
Specificity:
Cytochrome C Antibody detects endogenous levels of total Cytochrome C.
RRID:
AB_2835312
Cite Format: Affinity Biosciences Cat# AF7004, RRID:AB_2835312.
Conjugate:
Unconjugated.
Purification:
The antiserum was purified by peptide affinity chromatography using SulfoLink™ Coupling Resin (Thermo Fisher Scientific).
Storage:
Rabbit IgG in phosphate buffered saline , pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol. Store at -20 °C. Stable for 12 months from date of receipt.
Alias:

Fold/Unfold

CYC; CYC_HUMAN; CYCS; Cytochrome c; Cytochrome c somatic; HCS; THC4;

Immunogens

Immunogen:
Uniprot:

P99999(CYC_HUMAN) >>Visit HPA database.

Gene(ID):
CYCS(54205)
Description:
CYCS Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain.
Sequence:
MGDVEKGKKIFIMKCSQCHTVEKGGKHKTGPNLHGLFGRKTGQAPGYSYTAANKNKGIIWGEDTLMEYLENPKKYIPGTKMIFVGIKKKEERADLIAYLKKATNE

Predictions

Predictions:

Score>80(red) has high confidence and is suggested to be used for WB detection. *The prediction model is mainly based on the alignment of immunogen sequences, the results are for reference only, not as the basis of quality assurance.

Species
Results
Score
Pig
100
Horse
100
Bovine
100
Sheep
100
Dog
100
Xenopus
100
Chicken
100
Rabbit
100
Zebrafish
82
Model Confidence:
High(score>80) Medium(80>score>50) Low(score<50) No confidence

PTMs - P99999 As Substrate

Site PTM Type Enzyme
G2 Acetylation
K9 Acetylation
K28 Sumoylation
K28 Ubiquitination
T29 Phosphorylation
K40 Ubiquitination
T41 Phosphorylation
Y47 Phosphorylation
S48 Phosphorylation
Y49 Phosphorylation
T50 Phosphorylation
K54 Ubiquitination
Y68 Phosphorylation
K73 Acetylation
K73 Ubiquitination
K74 Acetylation
K74 Ubiquitination
Y75 Phosphorylation
T79 Phosphorylation
K80 Ubiquitination
K87 Acetylation
K87 Ubiquitination
K88 Acetylation
K89 Acetylation
Y98 Phosphorylation
K100 Acetylation
K100 Methylation
K100 Ubiquitination
K101 Methylation

Research Backgrounds

Function:

Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain.

Plays a role in apoptosis. Suppression of the anti-apoptotic members or activation of the pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family leads to altered mitochondrial membrane permeability resulting in release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. Binding of cytochrome c to Apaf-1 triggers the activation of caspase-9, which then accelerates apoptosis by activating other caspases.

PTMs:

Binds 1 heme group per subunit.

Phosphorylation at Tyr-49 and Tyr-98 both reduce by half the turnover in the reaction with cytochrome c oxidase, down-regulating mitochondrial respiration.

Subcellular Location:

Mitochondrion intermembrane space.
Note: Loosely associated with the inner membrane.

Extracellular region or secreted Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion Manual annotation Automatic computational assertionSubcellular location
Family&Domains:

Belongs to the cytochrome c family.

Research Fields

· Cellular Processes > Cell growth and death > p53 signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Cellular Processes > Cell growth and death > Apoptosis.   (View pathway)

· Cellular Processes > Cell growth and death > Apoptosis - multiple species.   (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Drug resistance: Antineoplastic > Platinum drug resistance.

· Human Diseases > Endocrine and metabolic diseases > Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

· Human Diseases > Neurodegenerative diseases > Alzheimer's disease.

· Human Diseases > Neurodegenerative diseases > Parkinson's disease.

· Human Diseases > Neurodegenerative diseases > Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

· Human Diseases > Neurodegenerative diseases > Huntington's disease.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Bacterial > Legionellosis.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Parasitic > Toxoplasmosis.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Bacterial > Tuberculosis.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Viral > Hepatitis B.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Viral > Influenza A.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Viral > Herpes simplex infection.

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Overview > Pathways in cancer.   (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Specific types > Colorectal cancer.   (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Specific types > Small cell lung cancer.   (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Cardiovascular diseases > Viral myocarditis.

· Metabolism > Energy metabolism > Sulfur metabolism.

· Metabolism > Global and overview maps > Metabolic pathways.

References

1). Synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxicity analysis of selenium nanoparticles stabilized by Morchella sextelata polysaccharide. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2023 (PubMed: 37247714) [IF=8.2]
2). Isorhynchophylline ameliorates paraquat-induced acute kidney injury by attenuating oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage via regulating toll-interacting expression. TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY, 2021 (PubMed: 33838153) [IF=3.8]

Application: WB    Species: Rat    Sample: kidney tissues

Fig. 4. Effects of INR on Tollip expression and mitochondrial damage in kidney tissues of PQ-intoxicated rats. (A) Tollip expression in kidney tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. Scale bars: 200 μm (100× magnification) and 50 μm (400× magnification). (B, C) Western blot showed the expression of Tollip, p-IRAK1 and IRAK1 in kidney tissues. (D, E) Western blot evaluated the release of Cytochrome C from mitochondria into cytosol. ###p < 0.001 vs. PQ.
3). Hypoxic postconditioning attenuates apoptosis via inactivation of adenosine A2a receptor through NDRG3-Raf-ERK pathway. BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS, 2017 (PubMed: 28743501) [IF=3.1]

Application: WB    Species: human    Sample:

Fig.2 Protein Expression of NDRD3-Raf-ERK pathway, A2a receptors, Cytochrome C.
4). The cardiac glycoside oleandrin induces apoptosis in human colon cancer cells via the mitochondrial pathway. CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY AND PHARMACOLOGY, 2017 (PubMed: 28597038) [IF=3.0]

Application: WB    Species: human    Sample: SW480

Fig. 3 Cardiac glycosides stimulate cytosolic Ca2+ levels and decrease GSH concentration in SW480 cells associated with the expression of cytC.
5). Characterization of chikusetsusaponin IV and V induced apoptosis in HepG2 cancer cells. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS, 2022 (PubMed: 35212926) [IF=2.8]
6). Upregulation of CFTR Protects against Palmitate-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction by Enhancing Autophagic Flux. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 2020 (PubMed: 33123317)

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