Product: VISA Antibody
Catalog: DF12211
Description: Rabbit polyclonal antibody to VISA
Application: WB IHC IF/ICC
Reactivity: Human, Mouse
Prediction: Chicken
Mol.Wt.: 70-75 kDa; 57kD(Calculated).
Uniprot: Q7Z434
RRID: AB_2845016

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Product Info

Source:
Rabbit
Application:
WB 1:500-1:2000, IHC 1:50-1:200, IF/ICC 1:100-1:500
*The optimal dilutions should be determined by the end user.
*Tips:

WB: For western blot detection of denatured protein samples. IHC: For immunohistochemical detection of paraffin sections (IHC-p) or frozen sections (IHC-f) of tissue samples. IF/ICC: For immunofluorescence detection of cell samples. ELISA(peptide): For ELISA detection of antigenic peptide.

Reactivity:
Human,Mouse
Prediction:
Chicken(80%)
Clonality:
Polyclonal
Specificity:
VISA Antibody detects endogenous levels of total VISA.
RRID:
AB_2845016
Cite Format: Affinity Biosciences Cat# DF12211, RRID:AB_2845016.
Conjugate:
Unconjugated.
Purification:
The antiserum was purified by peptide affinity chromatography using SulfoLink™ Coupling Resin (Thermo Fisher Scientific).
Storage:
Rabbit IgG in phosphate buffered saline , pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol. Store at -20 °C. Stable for 12 months from date of receipt.
Alias:

Fold/Unfold

CARD adapter inducing interferon beta; CARD adaptor inducing IFN beta; Cardif; DKFZp666M015; FLJ27482; FLJ41962; IFN B promoter stimulator 1; Interferon beta promoter stimulator protein 1; Ips 1; IPS-1; Ips1; KIAA1271; MAVS; MAVS_HUMAN; Mitochondrial anti viral signaling protein; Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling; Mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein; Mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein; Putative NF kappa B activating protein 031N; Putative NF-kappa-B-activating protein 031N; Virus induced signaling adapter; virus induced signaling adaptor; Virus-induced-signaling adapter; VISA;

Immunogens

Immunogen:
Uniprot:
Gene(ID):
Expression:
Q7Z434 MAVS_HUMAN:

Present in T-cells, monocytes, epithelial cells and hepatocytes (at protein level). Ubiquitously expressed, with highest levels in heart, skeletal muscle, liver, placenta and peripheral blood leukocytes.

Sequence:
MPFAEDKTYKYICRNFSNFCNVDVVEILPYLPCLTARDQDRLRATCTLSGNRDTLWHLFNTLQRRPGWVEYFIAALRGCELVDLADEVASVYQSYQPRTSDRPPDPLEPPSLPAERPGPPTPAAAHSIPYNSCREKEPSYPMPVQETQAPESPGENSEQALQTLSPRAIPRNPDGGPLESSSDLAALSPLTSSGHQEQDTELGSTHTAGATSSLTPSRGPVSPSVSFQPLARSTPRASRLPGPTGSVVSTGTSFSSSSPGLASAGAAEGKQGAESDQAEPIICSSGAEAPANSLPSKVPTTLMPVNTVALKVPANPASVSTVPSKLPTSSKPPGAVPSNALTNPAPSKLPINSTRAGMVPSKVPTSMVLTKVSASTVPTDGSSRNEETPAAPTPAGATGGSSAWLDSSSENRGLGSELSKPGVLASQVDSPFSGCFEDLAISASTSLGMGPCHGPEENEYKSEGTFGIHVAENPSIQLLEGNPGPPADPDGGPRPQADRKFQEREVPCHRPSPGALWLQVAVTGVLVVTLLVVLYRRRLH

Predictions

Predictions:

Score>80(red) has high confidence and is suggested to be used for WB detection. *The prediction model is mainly based on the alignment of immunogen sequences, the results are for reference only, not as the basis of quality assurance.

Species
Results
Score
Chicken
80
Horse
60
Pig
0
Bovine
0
Sheep
0
Dog
0
Xenopus
0
Zebrafish
0
Rabbit
0
Model Confidence:
High(score>80) Medium(80>score>50) Low(score<50) No confidence

PTMs - Q7Z434 As Substrate

Site PTM Type Enzyme
K7 Ubiquitination
Y9 Phosphorylation
K10 Ubiquitination
Y11 Phosphorylation
Y30 Phosphorylation
T45 Phosphorylation
T54 Phosphorylation
Y71 Phosphorylation
Y92 Phosphorylation
S111 Phosphorylation
T121 Phosphorylation
S152 Phosphorylation
S157 Phosphorylation
T163 Phosphorylation
S165 Phosphorylation
S180 Phosphorylation
S188 Phosphorylation
T215 Phosphorylation
S222 Phosphorylation
S224 Phosphorylation
R232 Methylation
S233 Phosphorylation
T234 Phosphorylation
R239 Methylation
T244 Phosphorylation
S246 Phosphorylation
S249 Phosphorylation
T250 Phosphorylation
T252 Phosphorylation
S253 Phosphorylation
S255 Phosphorylation
S256 Phosphorylation
S257 Phosphorylation
S258 Phosphorylation
S275 Phosphorylation
T300 Phosphorylation
T301 Phosphorylation
T307 Phosphorylation
K311 Ubiquitination
S361 Phosphorylation
K362 Ubiquitination
T365 Phosphorylation
S366 Phosphorylation
K371 Ubiquitination
S373 Phosphorylation
S383 Phosphorylation
T393 Phosphorylation
S407 Phosphorylation
S416 Phosphorylation
S419 Phosphorylation
K420 Ubiquitination
S430 Phosphorylation
S442 Phosphorylation
K461 Ubiquitination
S475 Phosphorylation
K500 Ubiquitination

Research Backgrounds

Function:

Required for innate immune defense against viruses. Acts downstream of DHX33, DDX58/RIG-I and IFIH1/MDA5, which detect intracellular dsRNA produced during viral replication, to coordinate pathways leading to the activation of NF-kappa-B, IRF3 and IRF7, and to the subsequent induction of antiviral cytokines such as IFN-beta and RANTES (CCL5). Peroxisomal and mitochondrial MAVS act sequentially to create an antiviral cellular state. Upon viral infection, peroxisomal MAVS induces the rapid interferon-independent expression of defense factors that provide short-term protection, whereas mitochondrial MAVS activates an interferon-dependent signaling pathway with delayed kinetics, which amplifies and stabilizes the antiviral response. May activate the same pathways following detection of extracellular dsRNA by TLR3. May protect cells from apoptosis.

PTMs:

Following activation, phosphorylated by TBK1 at Ser-442 in the pLxIS motif. The phosphorylated pLxIS motif constitutes an IRF3-binding motif, leading to recruitment of the transcription factor IRF3 to induce type-I interferons and other cytokines.

(Microbial infection) Cleaved and degraded by hepatitis A virus (HAV) protein 3ABC allowing the virus to disrupt the activation of host IRF3 through the MDA5 pathway.

(Microbial infection) Cleaved by the protease 2A of coxsackievirus B3, poliovirus and enterovirus 71 allowing the virus to disrupt the host type I interferon production.

Ubiquitinated. Undergoes 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitination catalyzed by ITCH; ITCH-dependent polyubiquitination is mediated by the interaction with PCBP2 and leads to MAVS/IPS1 proteasomal degradation. Ubiquitinated by RNF125, leading to its degradation by the proteasome. Undergoes 'Lys-48'-linked ubiquitination catalyzed by SMURF1.

(Microbial infection) Cleaved by Seneca Valley virus protease 3C allowing the virus to suppress interferon type-I production.

Subcellular Location:

Mitochondrion outer membrane. Mitochondrion. Peroxisome.

Extracellular region or secreted Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion Manual annotation Automatic computational assertionSubcellular location
Tissue Specificity:

Present in T-cells, monocytes, epithelial cells and hepatocytes (at protein level). Ubiquitously expressed, with highest levels in heart, skeletal muscle, liver, placenta and peripheral blood leukocytes.

Subunit Structure:

Self-associates and polymerizes (via CARD domains) to form 400 nM long three-stranded helical filaments on mitochondria, filament nucleation requires interaction with DDX58/RIG-I whose CARD domains act as a template for filament assembly. Interacts with DDX58/RIG-I, IFIH1/MDA5, TRAF2, TRAF6 and C1QBP. May interact with FADD, RIPK1, CHUK and IKBKB. Interacts (when phosphorylated) with IRF3; following activation and phosphorylation on the pLxIS motif by TBK1, recruits IRF3. Interacts with NLRX1. Interaction with NLRX1 requires the CARD domain. Interacts with PSMA7. Interacts with TRAFD1 (By similarity). Interacts (via C-terminus) with PCBP2 in a complex containing MAVS/IPS1, PCBP2 and ITCH. Interacts with CYLD. Interacts with SRC. Interacts with DHX58/LGP2 and IKBKE. Interacts with STING1. Interacts with IFIT3 (via N-terminus). Interacts with TBK1 only in the presence of IFIT3. Interacts with TTLL12; the interaction prevents MAVS binding to TBK1 and IKBKE. Interacts with MUL1. Interacts with ANKRD17. Interacts with NDFIP1. Interacts with SMURF1; the interaction is mediated by NDFIP1 and leads to MAVS ubiquitination and degradation. Interacts with UBXN1; this interaction inhibits MAVS-mediated antiviral pathway. Interacts (via C-terminus) with GPATCH3; the interaction is markedly increased upon viral infection. Directly interacts (via CARD domain) with ATG5 and ATG12, either as ATG5 and ATG12 monomers or as ATG12-ATG5 conjugates. Interacts with DHX33 (via the helicase C-terminal domain) (By similarity).

(Microbial infection) Interacts with hepatitis C/HCV NS3/4A protease; this interaction leads to MAVS cleavage.

(Microbial infection) Interacts with hepatitis GB virus B NS3/4A protease; this interaction leads to MAVS cleavage.

(Microbial infection) Interacts with human respiratory syncytial virus/HRSV protein NS1; this interaction disrupts MAVS binding to DDX58/RIG-I.

(Microbial infection) Interacts with Seneca Valley virus protease 3C; this interaction allows the cleavage of MAVS and subsequent suppression of host innate immunity.

Family&Domains:

The pLxIS motif constitutes an IRF3-binding motif: following phosphorylation by TBK1, the phosphorylated pLxIS motif of MAVS recruits IRF3 (PubMed:25636800). IRF3 is then phosphorylated and activated by TBK1 to induce type-I interferons and other cytokines (PubMed:25636800).

Both CARD and transmembrane domains are essential for antiviral function. The CARD domain is responsible for interaction with DDX58/RIG-I and IFIH1/MDA5.

The transmembrane domain and residues 300-444 are essential for its interaction with DHX58/LGP2.

Research Fields

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Viral > Hepatitis C.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Viral > Hepatitis B.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Viral > Measles.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Viral > Influenza A.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Viral > Herpes simplex infection.

· Organismal Systems > Immune system > NOD-like receptor signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Immune system > RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Immune system > Cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway.   (View pathway)

References

1). RACK1 degrades MAVS to promote bovine ephemeral fever virus replication via upregulating E3 ubiquitin ligase STUB1. VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY, 2021 (PubMed: 33940459) [IF=3.3]

Application: WB    Species: Human    Sample: LC tissue

Figure 1 Regulation of exosome release by exocysts in HNC (A and B) Sec10, Sec3, and Exo70 expression in LC tissue compared with that in Ctrl. (A) Representative images of immunohistochemistry staining. (B) Data summary of immunohistochemistry staining. LC, laryngocarcinoma tissue; Ctrl, adjacent normal tissues. ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001 by t test. Scale bar, 50 μm. (C and D) Sec10, Sec3, and Exo70 expression in HN4 and NP69 cells. (C) Representative images of western blotting. (D) The summary data of western blotting compared with NP69 cells. (E and F) Representative NTA traces and quantification of exosomes after knockdown of the expression of exocyst subunits by transfecting HN4 (E) and CNE2 (F) cells with specific small interfering (si)RNA for Sec10, Sec3, or Exo70 protein. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.05, ∗∗∗p < 0.001 by t test.

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