Product: Phospho-ATF2 (Thr73/Thr55) Antibody
Catalog: AF3180
Description: Rabbit polyclonal antibody to Phospho-ATF2 (Thr73/Thr55)
Application: WB IHC IF/ICC IP
Reactivity: Human, Mouse, Rat
Prediction: Pig, Zebrafish, Bovine, Horse, Sheep, Rabbit, Dog, Chicken, Xenopus
Mol.Wt.: 52kDa; 55kD(Calculated).
Uniprot: P15336
RRID: AB_2834612

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Product Info

Source:
Rabbit
Application:
WB 1:500-1:2000, IHC 1:50-1:200, IP, IF/ICC 1:100-1:500
*The optimal dilutions should be determined by the end user.
*Tips:

WB: For western blot detection of denatured protein samples. IHC: For immunohistochemical detection of paraffin sections (IHC-p) or frozen sections (IHC-f) of tissue samples. IF/ICC: For immunofluorescence detection of cell samples. ELISA(peptide): For ELISA detection of antigenic peptide.

Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat
Prediction:
Pig(100%), Zebrafish(100%), Bovine(100%), Horse(100%), Sheep(100%), Rabbit(100%), Dog(100%), Chicken(100%), Xenopus(100%)
Clonality:
Polyclonal
Specificity:
Phospho-ATF2 (Thr73/Thr55) Antibody detects endogenous levels of ATF2 only when phosphorylated at Threonine 73 or 55.
RRID:
AB_2834612
Cite Format: Affinity Biosciences Cat# AF3180, RRID:AB_2834612.
Conjugate:
Unconjugated.
Purification:
The antibody is from purified rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho-peptide and non-phospho-peptide affinity columns.
Storage:
Rabbit IgG in phosphate buffered saline , pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol. Store at -20 °C. Stable for 12 months from date of receipt.
Alias:

Fold/Unfold

Activating transcription factor 2; Activating transcription factor 2 splice variant ATF2 var2; ATF 2; Atf-2; Atf2; ATF2 protein; ATF2_HUMAN; cAMP Response Element Binding Protein 2; cAMP response element binding protein CRE BP1; cAMP response element-binding protein CRE-BP1; cAMP responsive element binding protein 2, formerly; cAMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2; cAMP-responsive element-binding protein 2; CRE BP1; CRE-BP; CREB 2; CREB-2; CREB2; CREBP1; Cyclic AMP dependent transcription factor ATF 2; Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2; Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 2; D130078H02Rik; D18875; HB 16; HB16; Histone acetyltransferase ATF2; MGC105211; MGC105222; MGC111558; MGC142504; mXBP; MXBP protein; Tg(Gzma-Klra1)7Wum; TREB 7; TREB7;

Immunogens

Immunogen:
Uniprot:
Gene(ID):
Expression:
P15336 ATF2_HUMAN:

Ubiquitously expressed, with more abundant expression in the brain.

Description:
This gene encodes a transcription factor that is a member of the leucine zipper family of DNA binding proteins. This protein binds to the cAMP-responsive element (CRE), an octameric palindrome. The protein forms a homodimer or heterodimer with c-Jun and stimulates CRE-dependent transcription. The protein is also a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) that specifically acetylates histones H2B and H4 in vitro;
Sequence:
MKFKLHVNSARQYKDLWNMSDDKPFLCTAPGCGQRFTNEDHLAVHKHKHEMTLKFGPARNDSVIVADQTPTPTRFLKNCEEVGLFNELASPFENEFKKASEDDIKKMPLDLSPLATPIIRSKIEEPSVVETTHQDSPLPHPESTTSDEKEVPLAQTAQPTSAIVRPASLQVPNVLLTSSDSSVIIQQAVPSPTSSTVITQAPSSNRPIVPVPGPFPLLLHLPNGQTMPVAIPASITSSNVHVPAAVPLVRPVTMVPSVPGIPGPSSPQPVQSEAKMRLKAALTQQHPPVTNGDTVKGHGSGLVRTQSEESRPQSLQQPATSTTETPASPAHTTPQTQSTSGRRRRAANEDPDEKRRKFLERNRAAASRCRQKRKVWVQSLEKKAEDLSSLNGQLQSEVTLLRNEVAQLKQLLLAHKDCPVTAMQKKSGYHTADKDDSSEDISVPSSPHTEAIQHSSVSTSNGVSSTSKAEAVATSVLTQMADQSTEPALSQIVMAPSSQSQPSGS

Predictions

Predictions:

Score>80(red) has high confidence and is suggested to be used for WB detection. *The prediction model is mainly based on the alignment of immunogen sequences, the results are for reference only, not as the basis of quality assurance.

Species
Results
Score
Pig
100
Horse
100
Bovine
100
Sheep
100
Dog
100
Xenopus
100
Zebrafish
100
Chicken
100
Rabbit
100
Model Confidence:
High(score>80) Medium(80>score>50) Low(score<50) No confidence

PTMs - P15336 As Substrate

Site PTM Type Enzyme
S9 Phosphorylation
K46 Ubiquitination
T52 Phosphorylation Q02156 (PRKCE)
S62 Phosphorylation Q99986 (VRK1) , P17612 (PRKACA)
T69 Phosphorylation P28482 (MAPK1) , P53778 (MAPK12) , Q9H4B4 (PLK3) , P45984 (MAPK9) , P45983 (MAPK8) , P27361 (MAPK3) , Q16539 (MAPK14)
T71 Phosphorylation Q9H4B4 (PLK3) , P45984 (MAPK9) , P28482 (MAPK1) , P53778 (MAPK12) , P27361 (MAPK3) , P45983 (MAPK8) , Q16539 (MAPK14)
T73 Phosphorylation Q99986 (VRK1)
K77 Ubiquitination
S90 Phosphorylation P45983 (MAPK8) , Q16539 (MAPK14) , P28482 (MAPK1) , P45984 (MAPK9) , P53778 (MAPK12)
K97 Acetylation
K97 Ubiquitination
K105 Acetylation
S112 Phosphorylation
T116 Phosphorylation P24941 (CDK2)
S121 Phosphorylation P17252 (PRKCA) , P05771-2 (PRKCB)
S136 Phosphorylation
T283 Phosphorylation
T290 Phosphorylation
T305 Phosphorylation
S307 Phosphorylation
S310 Phosphorylation
S321 Phosphorylation
T325 Phosphorylation
S328 Phosphorylation
T333 Phosphorylation
T336 Phosphorylation
S340 Phosphorylation
K357 Acetylation
S367 Phosphorylation
K374 Acetylation
K409 Ubiquitination
T431 Phosphorylation
S438 Phosphorylation
S442 Phosphorylation
S446 Phosphorylation
T449 Phosphorylation
S490 Phosphorylation Q13315 (ATM)
S498 Phosphorylation Q13315 (ATM)

Research Backgrounds

Function:

Transcriptional activator which regulates the transcription of various genes, including those involved in anti-apoptosis, cell growth, and DNA damage response. Dependent on its binding partner, binds to CRE (cAMP response element) consensus sequences (5'-TGACGTCA-3') or to AP-1 (activator protein 1) consensus sequences (5'-TGACTCA-3'). In the nucleus, contributes to global transcription and the DNA damage response, in addition to specific transcriptional activities that are related to cell development, proliferation and death. In the cytoplasm, interacts with and perturbs HK1- and VDAC1-containing complexes at the mitochondrial outer membrane, thereby impairing mitochondrial membrane potential, inducing mitochondrial leakage and promoting cell death. The phosphorylated form (mediated by ATM) plays a role in the DNA damage response and is involved in the ionizing radiation (IR)-induced S phase checkpoint control and in the recruitment of the MRN complex into the IR-induced foci (IRIF). Exhibits histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity which specifically acetylates histones H2B and H4 in vitro. In concert with CUL3 and RBX1, promotes the degradation of KAT5 thereby attenuating its ability to acetylate and activate ATM. Can elicit oncogenic or tumor suppressor activities depending on the tissue or cell type.

PTMs:

Phosphorylation of Thr-69 by MAPK14 and MAPK11, and at Thr-71 by MAPK1/ERK2, MAPK3/ERK1, MAPK11, MAPK12 and MAPK14 in response to external stimulus like insulin causes increased transcriptional activity. Phosphorylated by PLK3 following hyperosmotic stress. Also phosphorylated and activated by JNK and CaMK4. ATM-mediated phosphorylation at Ser-490 and Ser-498 stimulates its function in DNA damage response. Phosphorylation at Ser-62, Thr-73 and Ser-121 activates its transcriptional activity. Phosphorylation at Thr-69 or Thr-71 enhances its histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity.

Subcellular Location:

Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Mitochondrion outer membrane.
Note: Shuttles between the cytoplasm and the nucleus and heterodimerization with JUN is essential for the nuclear localization. Localization to the cytoplasm is observed under conditions of cellular stress and in disease states. Localizes at the mitochondrial outer membrane in response to genotoxic stress. Phosphorylation at Thr-52 is required for its nuclear localization and negatively regulates its mitochondrial localization. Co-localizes with the MRN complex in the IR-induced foci (IRIF).

Extracellular region or secreted Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion Manual annotation Automatic computational assertionSubcellular location
Tissue Specificity:

Ubiquitously expressed, with more abundant expression in the brain.

Subunit Structure:

Binds DNA as a dimer and can form a homodimer in the absence of DNA. Can form a heterodimer with JUN. Heterodimerization is essential for its transcriptional activity. Interacts with SMAD3 and SMAD4. Binds through its N-terminal region to UTF1 which acts as a coactivator of ATF2 transcriptional activity. Interacts with the HK1/VDAC1 complex. Interacts with NBN, MRE11, XPO1, KAT5 and CUL3.

Family&Domains:

The nuclear export signal 1 (N-NES) negatively regulates its nuclear localization and transcriptional activity.

Belongs to the bZIP family. ATF subfamily.

Research Fields

· Environmental Information Processing > Signal transduction > MAPK signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Environmental Information Processing > Signal transduction > cGMP-PKG signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Environmental Information Processing > Signal transduction > PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Environmental Information Processing > Signal transduction > TNF signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Substance dependence > Cocaine addiction.

· Human Diseases > Substance dependence > Amphetamine addiction.

· Human Diseases > Substance dependence > Alcoholism.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Viral > Hepatitis B.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Viral > Influenza A.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Viral > HTLV-I infection.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Viral > Epstein-Barr virus infection.

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Overview > Viral carcinogenesis.

· Organismal Systems > Aging > Longevity regulating pathway.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Circulatory system > Adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Nervous system > Dopaminergic synapse.

· Organismal Systems > Endocrine system > Insulin secretion.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Endocrine system > Estrogen signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Endocrine system > Thyroid hormone synthesis.

· Organismal Systems > Endocrine system > Glucagon signaling pathway.

· Organismal Systems > Endocrine system > Aldosterone synthesis and secretion.

· Organismal Systems > Endocrine system > Relaxin signaling pathway.

References

1). Decabromodiphenyl ethane exposure damaged the asymmetric division of mouse oocytes by inhibiting the inactivation of cyclin-dependent kinase 1. The FASEB Journal, 2021 (PubMed: 33724544) [IF=4.8]

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