CTSK Antibody - #DF6614

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Product: CTSK Antibody
Catalog: DF6614
Description: Rabbit polyclonal antibody to CTSK
Application: WB IHC IF/ICC
Reactivity: Human, Mouse, Rat
Prediction: Pig, Horse, Sheep, Dog
Mol.Wt.: 39kDa; 37kD(Calculated).
Uniprot: P43235
RRID: AB_2838576

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MS Report
HPLC Report
MSDS
Data Sheet
COA
Protocols
WB Handbook
IHC Protocol
IF/ICC Protocol

Product Info

Source:
Rabbit
Application:
WB 1:500-1:2000, IHC 1:50-1:200, IF/ICC 1:100-1:500
*The optimal dilutions should be determined by the end user.
*Tips:

WB: For western blot detection of denatured protein samples. IHC: For immunohistochemical detection of paraffin sections (IHC-p) or frozen sections (IHC-f) of tissue samples. IF/ICC: For immunofluorescence detection of cell samples. ELISA(peptide): For ELISA detection of antigenic peptide.

Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat
Prediction:
Pig(83%), Horse(83%), Sheep(83%), Dog(83%)
Clonality:
Polyclonal
Specificity:
CTSK Antibody detects endogenous levels of total CTSK.
RRID:
AB_2838576
Cite Format: Affinity Biosciences Cat# DF6614, RRID:AB_2838576.
Conjugate:
Unconjugated.
Purification:
The antiserum was purified by peptide affinity chromatography using SulfoLink™ Coupling Resin (Thermo Fisher Scientific).
Storage:
Rabbit IgG in phosphate buffered saline , pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol. Store at -20 °C. Stable for 12 months from date of receipt.
Alias:

Fold/Unfold

Cathepsin K; Cathepsin O; Cathepsin O1; Cathepsin O2; Cathepsin X; CATK_HUMAN; CTS02; Ctsk; CTSO; CTSO1; CTSO2; MGC23107; PKND; PYCD;

Immunogens

Immunogen:
Uniprot:

P43235(CATK_HUMAN) >>Visit HPA database.

Gene(ID):
CTSK(1513)
Expression:
P43235 CATK_HUMAN:

Predominantly expressed in osteoclasts (bones) (PubMed:7805878). Expressed in thyroid epithelial cells (PubMed:11082042).

Description:
CTSK(cathepsin K), also named as CTSO, CTSO2, is a recently identified lysosomal cysteine proteinase. CTSK is synthesized as a proenzyme of 38 kDa and subsequently enters acidic lysosomal compartments, in which the propeptide is cleaved and transformed into an active enzyme and it may influence adipocyte differentiation through modifying extracellularmatrixcomponents(PMID:16912123). It is revealed both the 46-kDa cathepsin-K precursor and the 30-kDa mature form in mouse bone extracts(PMID:9811821). The high CTSK protein levels are only detected in primary cultured fibroblasts derived from normal and neoplastic breast tissue, where the 37- and 25-kDa bands to be detected correspond to pro- and mature proteins through western blot(PMID:18765527). The full length protein has a signal peptides with 15 amino acids and a propeptide with 99 amino acids. This antibody is specific to CTSK.
Sequence:
MWGLKVLLLPVVSFALYPEEILDTHWELWKKTHRKQYNNKVDEISRRLIWEKNLKYISIHNLEASLGVHTYELAMNHLGDMTSEEVVQKMTGLKVPLSHSRSNDTLYIPEWEGRAPDSVDYRKKGYVTPVKNQGQCGSCWAFSSVGALEGQLKKKTGKLLNLSPQNLVDCVSENDGCGGGYMTNAFQYVQKNRGIDSEDAYPYVGQEESCMYNPTGKAAKCRGYREIPEGNEKALKRAVARVGPVSVAIDASLTSFQFYSKGVYYDESCNSDNLNHAVLAVGYGIQKGNKHWIIKNSWGENWGNKGYILMARNKNNACGIANLASFPKM

Predictions

Predictions:

Score>80(red) has high confidence and is suggested to be used for WB detection. *The prediction model is mainly based on the alignment of immunogen sequences, the results are for reference only, not as the basis of quality assurance.

Species
Results
Score
Pig
83
Horse
83
Sheep
83
Dog
83
Bovine
75
Rabbit
75
Zebrafish
57
Xenopus
0
Chicken
0
Model Confidence:
High(score>80) Medium(80>score>50) Low(score<50) No confidence

PTMs - P43235 As Substrate

Site PTM Type Enzyme
C139 S-Nitrosylation
S246 Phosphorylation
S260 Phosphorylation

Research Backgrounds

Function:

Thiol protease involved in osteoclastic bone resorption and may participate partially in the disorder of bone remodeling. Displays potent endoprotease activity against fibrinogen at acid pH. May play an important role in extracellular matrix degradation. Involved in the release of thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4) by limited proteolysis of TG/thyroglobulin in the thyroid follicle lumen.

Subcellular Location:

Lysosome. Secreted. Apical cell membrane>Peripheral membrane protein>Extracellular side.
Note: Localizes to the lumen of thyroid follicles and to the apical membrane of thyroid epithelial cells.

Extracellular region or secreted Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion Manual annotation Automatic computational assertionSubcellular location
Tissue Specificity:

Predominantly expressed in osteoclasts (bones). Expressed in thyroid epithelial cells.

Family&Domains:

Belongs to the peptidase C1 family.

Research Fields

· Cellular Processes > Transport and catabolism > Lysosome.   (View pathway)

· Cellular Processes > Cell growth and death > Apoptosis.   (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Immune diseases > Rheumatoid arthritis.

· Organismal Systems > Development > Osteoclast differentiation.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Immune system > Toll-like receptor signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

References

1). Gut microbial alterations in arginine metabolism determine bone mechanical adaptation. Cell metabolism, 2024 (PubMed: 38718794) [IF=29.0]
2). Inflammatory endothelium-targeted and cathepsin responsive nanoparticles are effective against atherosclerosis. Theranostics, 2022 (PubMed: 35673565) [IF=12.4]

Application: IHC    Species: Mouse    Sample:

Figure 1 Histological assays for CTSK and integrin αv in atherosclerosis. (A and D) Typical immunofluorescence image of CTSK and integrin αv in mouse aorta, respectively. (B and E) IHC images of CTSK and integrin αv in mouse aorta, respectively (Designated regions indicated by red square frames in Figures are enlarged to show the details). (C and F) Quantitative IHC analysis of CTSK and integrin αv positive area percentage, respectively (n = 3). Ctrl: control; AS: atherosclerosis.
3). Ultrasmall PtAu2 nanoclusters activate endogenous anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative systems to prevent inflammatory osteolysis. Theranostics, 2023 (PubMed: 36793859) [IF=12.4]
4). DNA Methylation-Mediated GPX4 Transcriptional Repression and Osteoblast Ferroptosis Promote Titanium Particle-Induced Osteolysis. Research (Washington, D.C.), 2024 (PubMed: 39161535) [IF=8.5]

Application: WB    Species: Mouse    Sample:

Fig. 4. DNMT inhibition by SGI-1027 alleviates TP-incurred GPX4 suppression and ferroptotic osteolysis. Mice were allocated to Sham or TP groups (20 mg per mouse, 2 weeks) and treated with control vehicle (Ctrl), SGI-1027 (2.5 mg/kg daily), or Lip-1 (10 mg/kg daily) (n = 6). (A) Exemplary 3D μCT calvarial images and TUNEL-stained calvarial sections. The ROI within μCT images was indicated by squares, while bone resorption areas and TUNEL-positive cells are pointed by arrows. (B) Quantitation of bone porosity and the ratio of TUNEL-positive cells. Data were presented as box-and-whisker plots. *P < 0.05, 2-way ANOVA. The effect size of the interaction between TP-induced calvarial porosity and SGI-1027 (η21) or Lip-1 (η22) intervention was indicated. (C) Western blotting of 2 random calvarial samples from each group for OPN, Col1, CTSK, NFATc1, 4-HNE, and MDA, with β-actin serving as control. (D) Quantification of (C). Data were depicted as mean ± SEM; n = 6; *P < 0.05, 2-way ANOVA.
5). Diterbutyl phthalate attenuates osteoarthritis in ACLT mice via suppressing ERK/c-fos/NFATc1 pathway, and subsequently inhibiting subchondral osteoclast fusion. ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA, 2022 (PubMed: 34381182) [IF=8.2]
6). Dehydromiltirone inhibits osteoclast differentiation in RAW264.7 and bone marrow macrophages by modulating MAPK and NF-κB activity. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2022 (PubMed: 36210855) [IF=5.6]
7). Neuropeptide Y1 receptor antagonist promotes osteoporosis and microdamage repair and enhances osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stem cells via cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway. Aging-US, 2020 (PubMed: 32381754) [IF=5.2]

Application: WB    Species: rat    Sample: bone marrow

Figure 4. |Y1R antagonist treatment promoted bone formation and inhibit bone resorption in OVX rats. (A) The Alizarin Red S (yellow arrow head) and TRAP staining (red arrow head) of bone tissues in groups. (B) Immunohistochemical analysis of bone tissue among groups for MMP9 and RUNX2 (x 400). (C, D) Western blotting results of MMP, RUNX2, Cath-K, OPG and RANKL expression in bone marrow from rat femurs. The data are expressed as the means ± SD (n = 6 in each group). ***P<0.001; ****P<0.0001 vs. SHAM, and #P<0.05; ####P<0.0001 vs. OVX by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test
8). A novel derivative of artemisinin inhibits cell proliferation and metastasis via down-regulation of cathepsin K in breast cancer. European Journal of Pharmacology, 2019 (PubMed: 31112710) [IF=5.0]

Application: WB    Species: human    Sample: MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 cells

Fig. 5.| SM934-Testosterone suppressed Cathepsin K expression (A) Quantitative real-time PCR analyzed the expression level of Cathepsin K mRNA in MDA-MB231 and SK-BR-3 cells treated with different compounds. (B) Western blot was performed to analyze the expression level of Cathepsin K protein in MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 cells treated with different compounds.
9). Oroxin B Attenuates Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss by Suppressing Osteoclast Formation and Activity. Drug Design, Development and Therapy, 2022 (PubMed: 34876805) [IF=4.8]

Application: WB    Species: Mouse    Sample:

Figure 4 OB abrogates RANKL‐associated NFATc1and c-fos transcription and downregulates osteoclast-related genes. (A) The RT‐qPCR assay detected the relative mRNA expression of osteoclastogenesis-associated marker genes, including NFATc1, c-fos, TRAP, Rank, cathepsin K and MMP9. (B) Western-blot analysis for OB’s effects on protein levels of NFATc1 and c-fos. (C) Western-blot analysis for OB’s effects on protein levels of MMP9 and cathepsin K. (D) Quantitative analysis of NFATc1 and c-fos. (E) Quantitative analysis of MMP9 and cathepsin K. (F) Immunofluorescence images for OB’s effects on protein expression of NFATc1. ns, no statistical significance
10). Xuetongsu attenuates bone destruction in collagen-induced arthritis mice by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation and promoting osteoclast apoptosis. The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology, 2024 (PubMed: 38340949) [IF=4.0]
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