INDO Antibody - #DF6502

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Product: INDO Antibody
Catalog: DF6502
Description: Rabbit polyclonal antibody to INDO
Application: WB IHC IF/ICC
Reactivity: Human, Rat
Prediction: Pig, Zebrafish, Bovine, Horse, Sheep, Rabbit, Dog
Mol.Wt.: 45kDa; 45kD(Calculated).
Uniprot: P14902
RRID: AB_2838464

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Related Downloads
MS Report
HPLC Report
MSDS
Data Sheet
COA
Protocols
WB Handbook
IHC Protocol
IF/ICC Protocol

Product Info

Source:
Rabbit
Application:
WB 1:500-1:2000, IHC 1:50-1:200, IF/ICC 1:100-1:500
*The optimal dilutions should be determined by the end user.
*Tips:

WB: For western blot detection of denatured protein samples. IHC: For immunohistochemical detection of paraffin sections (IHC-p) or frozen sections (IHC-f) of tissue samples. IF/ICC: For immunofluorescence detection of cell samples. ELISA(peptide): For ELISA detection of antigenic peptide.

Reactivity:
Human,Rat
Prediction:
Pig(100%), Zebrafish(89%), Bovine(100%), Horse(100%), Sheep(100%), Rabbit(100%), Dog(100%)
Clonality:
Polyclonal
Specificity:
INDO Antibody detects endogenous levels of total INDO.
RRID:
AB_2838464
Cite Format: Affinity Biosciences Cat# DF6502, RRID:AB_2838464.
Conjugate:
Unconjugated.
Purification:
The antiserum was purified by peptide affinity chromatography using SulfoLink™ Coupling Resin (Thermo Fisher Scientific).
Storage:
Rabbit IgG in phosphate buffered saline , pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol. Store at -20 °C. Stable for 12 months from date of receipt.
Alias:

Fold/Unfold

3-dioxygenase; I23O1_HUMAN; IDO 1; IDO; IDO-1; IDO1; INDO; indolamine 2,3 dioxygenase; Indole 2 3 dioxygenase; indoleamine 2 3 dioxygenase 1; indoleamine 2 3 dioxygenase; Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1; Indoleamine pyrrole 2 3 dioxygenase; Indoleamine-pyrrole 2;

Immunogens

Immunogen:
Uniprot:

P14902(I23O1_HUMAN) >>Visit HPA database.

Gene(ID):
IDO1(3620)
Expression:
P14902 I23O1_HUMAN:

Expressed in mature dendritic cells located in lymphoid organs (including lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, Peyers's patches, the gut lamina propria, and the thymic medulla), in some epithelial cells of the female genital tract, as well as in endothelial cells of term placenta and in lung parenchyma (PubMed:25691885). Weakly or not expressed in most normal tissues, but mostly inducible in most tissues (PubMed:25691885). Expressed in more than 50% of tumors, either by tumoral, stromal, or endothelial cells (expression in tumor is associated with a worse clinical outcome) (PubMed:18418598). Not overexpressed in tumor-draining lymph nodes (PubMed:26155395, PubMed:25691885).

Description:
INDO/IDO1/indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an IFN-γ-inducible enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step of tryptophan degradation (1). IDO is upregulated in many tumors and in dendritic cells in tumor-draining lymph nodes. Elevated tryptophan catabolism in these cells leads to tryptophan starvation of T cells, limiting T cell proliferation and activation (2). Therefore, IDO is considered an immunosuppresive molecule, and research studies have shown that upregulation of IDO is a mechanism of cancer immune evasion (3). The gastrointestinal stromal tumor drug, imatinib, was found to act, in part, by reducing IDO expression, resulting in increased CD8+ T cell activation and induction of apoptosis in regulatory T cells (4). In addition to its enzymatic activity, IDO was recently shown to have signaling capability through an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) that is phosphorylated by Fyn in response to TGF-β. This leads to recruitment of SHP-1 and activatation of the noncanonical NF-κB pathway (5).
Sequence:
MAHAMENSWTISKEYHIDEEVGFALPNPQENLPDFYNDWMFIAKHLPDLIESGQLRERVEKLNMLSIDHLTDHKSQRLARLVLGCITMAYVWGKGHGDVRKVLPRNIAVPYCQLSKKLELPPILVYADCVLANWKKKDPNKPLTYENMDVLFSFRDGDCSKGFFLVSLLVEIAAASAIKVIPTVFKAMQMQERDTLLKALLEIASCLEKALQVFHQIHDHVNPKAFFSVLRIYLSGWKGNPQLSDGLVYEGFWEDPKEFAGGSAGQSSVFQCFDVLLGIQQTAGGGHAAQFLQDMRRYMPPAHRNFLCSLESNPSVREFVLSKGDAGLREAYDACVKALVSLRSYHLQIVTKYILIPASQQPKENKTSEDPSKLEAKGTGGTDLMNFLKTVRSTTEKSLLKEG

Predictions

Predictions:

Score>80(red) has high confidence and is suggested to be used for WB detection. *The prediction model is mainly based on the alignment of immunogen sequences, the results are for reference only, not as the basis of quality assurance.

Species
Results
Score
Pig
100
Horse
100
Bovine
100
Sheep
100
Dog
100
Rabbit
100
Zebrafish
89
Xenopus
67
Chicken
0
Model Confidence:
High(score>80) Medium(80>score>50) Low(score<50) No confidence

PTMs - P14902 As Substrate

Site PTM Type Enzyme
S8 Phosphorylation
Y332 Phosphorylation
S372 Phosphorylation
T390 Phosphorylation

Research Backgrounds

Function:

Catalyzes the first and rate limiting step of the catabolism of the essential amino acid tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway. Involved in the peripheral immune tolerance, contributing to maintain homeostasis by preventing autoimmunity or immunopathology that would result from uncontrolled and overreacting immune responses. Tryptophan shortage inhibits T lymphocytes division and accumulation of tryptophan catabolites induces T-cell apoptosis and differentiation of regulatory T-cells. Acts as a suppressor of anti-tumor immunity. Limits the growth of intracellular pathogens by depriving tryptophan. Protects the fetus from maternal immune rejection.

Subcellular Location:

Cytoplasm>Cytosol.

Extracellular region or secreted Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion Manual annotation Automatic computational assertionSubcellular location
Tissue Specificity:

Expressed in mature dendritic cells located in lymphoid organs (including lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, Peyers's patches, the gut lamina propria, and the thymic medulla), in some epithelial cells of the female genital tract, as well as in endothelial cells of term placenta and in lung parenchyma. Weakly or not expressed in most normal tissues, but mostly inducible in most tissues. Expressed in more than 50% of tumors, either by tumoral, stromal, or endothelial cells (expression in tumor is associated with a worse clinical outcome). Not overexpressed in tumor-draining lymph nodes.

Subunit Structure:

Monomer.

Family&Domains:

Belongs to the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase family.

Research Fields

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Parasitic > African trypanosomiasis.

· Metabolism > Amino acid metabolism > Tryptophan metabolism.

· Metabolism > Global and overview maps > Metabolic pathways.

References

1). Multifunctional 3D-printed scaffolds eradiate orthotopic osteosarcoma and promote osteogenesis via microwave thermo-chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy. Biomaterials, 2023 (PubMed: 37506512) [IF=14.0]
2). Inhibition of JAK3/STAT3 Activation in Rats Uterine Leiomyoma by formula of Taohong Siwu Decoction: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Research Square, 2021

Application: WB    Species: Rat    Sample: uterus

Figure 8. Effects of THSW on the expression of INDO and CTLA4 in uterus. (A–C) Representative western blotting band of INDO, CTLA4 Data are reported as mean ± SD.

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