CD44 Antibody - #DF6392

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Product: CD44 Antibody
Catalog: DF6392
Description: Rabbit polyclonal antibody to CD44
Application: WB IHC IF/ICC
Reactivity: Human, Mouse, Rat
Prediction: Pig, Bovine, Horse, Sheep, Rabbit, Dog
Mol.Wt.: 82kDa; 82kD(Calculated).
Uniprot: P16070
RRID: AB_2838355

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 100ul $280 In stock
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Related Downloads
MSDS
Data Sheet
COA
Protocols
WB Handbook
IHC Protocol
IF/ICC Protocol

Product Info

Source:
Rabbit
Application:
WB 1:500-1:2000, IHC 1:50-1:200, IF/ICC 1:100-1:500
*The optimal dilutions should be determined by the end user.
*Tips:

WB: For western blot detection of denatured protein samples. IHC: For immunohistochemical detection of paraffin sections (IHC-p) or frozen sections (IHC-f) of tissue samples. IF/ICC: For immunofluorescence detection of cell samples. ELISA(peptide): For ELISA detection of antigenic peptide.

Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat
Prediction:
Pig(82%), Bovine(82%), Horse(82%), Sheep(82%), Rabbit(82%), Dog(91%)
Clonality:
Polyclonal
Specificity:
CD44 Antibody detects endogenous levels of total CD44.
RRID:
AB_2838355
Cite Format: Affinity Biosciences Cat# DF6392, RRID:AB_2838355.
Conjugate:
Unconjugated.
Purification:
The antiserum was purified by peptide affinity chromatography using SulfoLink™ Coupling Resin (Thermo Fisher Scientific).
Storage:
Rabbit IgG in phosphate buffered saline , pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol. Store at -20 °C. Stable for 12 months from date of receipt.
Alias:

Fold/Unfold

LHR; BA-1; CD 44; CD44; CD44 antigen; CD44 molecule (Indian blood group); CD44 molecule; CD44_HUMAN; CDw44; Cell surface glycoprotein CD44; chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 8; CSPG8; ECMR-III; Epican; Extracellular matrix receptor III; GP90 lymphocyte homing/adhesion receptor; HCELL; hematopoietic cell E- and L-selectin ligand; Heparan sulfate proteoglycan; Hermes antigen; homing function and Indian blood group system; HSA; HUTCH-I; HUTCH1; Hyaluronate receptor; IN; INLU-related p80 Glycoprotein; MC56; MDU2; MDU3; MGC10468; MIC4; MUTCH1; PGP-1; PGP-I; PGP1; Phagocytic glycoprotein 1; Phagocytic glycoprotein I; Soluble CD44;

Immunogens

Immunogen:
Uniprot:

P16070(CD44_HUMAN) >>Visit HPA database.

Gene(ID):
CD44(960)
Expression:
P16070 CD44_HUMAN:

Isoform 10 (epithelial isoform) is expressed by cells of epithelium and highly expressed by carcinomas. Expression is repressed in neuroblastoma cells.

Description:
CD44 is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction through its affinity for hyaluronic acid (HA) and possibly through other parts of the extracellular matrix (ECM). CD44 is highly polymorphic, possesses a number of alternative splice variants and undergoes extensive post-translational modifications (1,2). Increased surface levels of CD44 are characteristic of T cell activation, and expression of the protein is upregulated during the inflammatory response. Interactions between CD44 and HER2 have been linked to an increase in ovarian carcinoma cell growth (1-3). CD44 interacts with ezrin, radixin and moesin (ERM), linking the actin cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane and the ECM (4-6). CD44 is constitutively phosphorylated at Ser325 in resting cells. Activation of PKC results in phosphorylation of Ser291, dephosphorylation of Ser325, disassociation of ezrin from CD44, and directional motility (4).
Sequence:
MDKFWWHAAWGLCLVPLSLAQIDLNITCRFAGVFHVEKNGRYSISRTEAADLCKAFNSTLPTMAQMEKALSIGFETCRYGFIEGHVVIPRIHPNSICAANNTGVYILTSNTSQYDTYCFNASAPPEEDCTSVTDLPNAFDGPITITIVNRDGTRYVQKGEYRTNPEDIYPSNPTDDDVSSGSSSERSSTSGGYIFYTFSTVHPIPDEDSPWITDSTDRIPATTLMSTSATATETATKRQETWDWFSWLFLPSESKNHLHTTTQMAGTSSNTISAGWEPNEENEDERDRHLSFSGSGIDDDEDFISSTISTTPRAFDHTKQNQDWTQWNPSHSNPEVLLQTTTRMTDVDRNGTTAYEGNWNPEAHPPLIHHEHHEEEETPHSTSTIQATPSSTTEETATQKEQWFGNRWHEGYRQTPKEDSHSTTGTAAASAHTSHPMQGRTTPSPEDSSWTDFFNPISHPMGRGHQAGRRMDMDSSHSITLQPTANPNTGLVEDLDRTGPLSMTTQQSNSQSFSTSHEGLEEDKDHPTTSTLTSSNRNDVTGGRRDPNHSEGSTTLLEGYTSHYPHTKESRTFIPVTSAKTGSFGVTAVTVGDSNSNVNRSLSGDQDTFHPSGGSHTTHGSESDGHSHGSQEGGANTTSGPIRTPQIPEWLIILASLLALALILAVCIAVNSRRRCGQKKKLVINSGNGAVEDRKPSGLNGEASKSQEMVHLVNKESSETPDQFMTADETRNLQNVDMKIGV

Predictions

Predictions:

Score>80(red) has high confidence and is suggested to be used for WB detection. *The prediction model is mainly based on the alignment of immunogen sequences, the results are for reference only, not as the basis of quality assurance.

Species
Results
Score
Dog
91
Pig
82
Horse
82
Bovine
82
Sheep
82
Rabbit
82
Xenopus
0
Zebrafish
0
Chicken
0
Model Confidence:
High(score>80) Medium(80>score>50) Low(score<50) No confidence

PTMs - P16070 As Substrate

Site PTM Type Enzyme
S45 Phosphorylation
K54 Ubiquitination
N57 N-Glycosylation
S58 Phosphorylation
T62 Phosphorylation
N110 N-Glycosylation
K158 Ubiquitination
T163 Phosphorylation
S171 Phosphorylation
T174 O-Glycosylation
S179 Phosphorylation
S182 Phosphorylation
S183 Phosphorylation
S184 Phosphorylation
T197 O-Glycosylation
S199 O-Glycosylation
T200 O-Glycosylation
T222 Phosphorylation
S291 Phosphorylation
T311 Phosphorylation
T318 O-Glycosylation
T325 O-Glycosylation
S330 O-Glycosylation
S332 O-Glycosylation
Y412 Phosphorylation
S420 Phosphorylation
S422 O-Glycosylation
T423 O-Glycosylation
T424 O-Glycosylation
T426 O-Glycosylation
S430 O-Glycosylation
T433 O-Glycosylation
S434 O-Glycosylation
S458 O-Glycosylation
S514 O-Glycosylation
T515 O-Glycosylation
T528 O-Glycosylation
T529 O-Glycosylation
T541 O-Glycosylation
S550 O-Glycosylation
S553 O-Glycosylation
T554 O-Glycosylation
T555 O-Glycosylation
T561 O-Glycosylation
S562 O-Glycosylation
T567 O-Glycosylation
S570 O-Glycosylation
T572 O-Glycosylation
T572 Phosphorylation
T577 O-Glycosylation
S578 O-Glycosylation
T581 O-Glycosylation
S583 O-Glycosylation
T587 Phosphorylation
S672 Phosphorylation P17252 (PRKCA)
K681 Ubiquitination
S686 Phosphorylation
K695 Ubiquitination
S697 Phosphorylation P17612 (PRKACA)
S704 Phosphorylation
K705 Ubiquitination
S706 Phosphorylation Q9UQM7 (CAMK2A)
K715 Ubiquitination
S717 Phosphorylation
S718 Phosphorylation
T720 Phosphorylation
T726 Phosphorylation
K739 Ubiquitination

Research Backgrounds

Function:

Cell-surface receptor that plays a role in cell-cell interactions, cell adhesion and migration, helping them to sense and respond to changes in the tissue microenvironment. Participates thereby in a wide variety of cellular functions including the activation, recirculation and homing of T-lymphocytes, hematopoiesis, inflammation and response to bacterial infection. Engages, through its ectodomain, extracellular matrix components such as hyaluronan/HA, collagen, growth factors, cytokines or proteases and serves as a platform for signal transduction by assembling, via its cytoplasmic domain, protein complexes containing receptor kinases and membrane proteases. Such effectors include PKN2, the RhoGTPases RAC1 and RHOA, Rho-kinases and phospholipase C that coordinate signaling pathways promoting calcium mobilization and actin-mediated cytoskeleton reorganization essential for cell migration and adhesion.

PTMs:

Proteolytically cleaved in the extracellular matrix by specific proteinases (possibly MMPs) in several cell lines and tumors.

N-glycosylated.

O-glycosylated. O-glycosylation contains more-or-less-sulfated chondroitin sulfate glycans, whose number may affect the accessibility of specific proteinases to their cleavage site(s). It is uncertain if O-glycosylation occurs on Thr-637 or Thr-638.

Phosphorylated; activation of PKC results in the dephosphorylation of Ser-706 (constitutive phosphorylation site), and the phosphorylation of Ser-672.

Subcellular Location:

Cell membrane>Single-pass type I membrane protein. Cell projection>Microvillus.
Note: Colocalizes with actin in membrane protrusions at wounding edges. Co-localizes with RDX, EZR and MSN in microvilli. Localizes to cholesterol-rich membrane-bound lipid raft domains.

Extracellular region or secreted Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion Manual annotation Automatic computational assertionSubcellular location
Tissue Specificity:

Isoform 10 (epithelial isoform) is expressed by cells of epithelium and highly expressed by carcinomas. Expression is repressed in neuroblastoma cells.

Subunit Structure:

Interacts with PKN2. Interacts with TIAM1 and TIAM2 (By similarity). Interacts with HA, as well as other glycosaminoglycans, collagen, laminin, and fibronectin via its N-terminal segment. Interacts with UNC119. Interacts with PDPN (via extracellular domain); this interaction is required for PDPN-mediated directional migration and regulation of lamellipodia extension/stabilization during cell spreading and migration. Interacts with RDX, EZR and MSN (By similarity). Interacts with EGFR. Interacts with CD74; this complex is essential for the MIF-induced signaling cascade that results in B cell survival (By similarity).

Family&Domains:

The lectin-like LINK domain is responsible for hyaluronan binding.

Research Fields

· Environmental Information Processing > Signaling molecules and interaction > ECM-receptor interaction.   (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Bacterial > Shigellosis.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Viral > Epstein-Barr virus infection.

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Overview > Proteoglycans in cancer.

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Overview > MicroRNAs in cancer.

· Organismal Systems > Immune system > Hematopoietic cell lineage.   (View pathway)

References

1). Metabolic reprogramming of proinflammatory macrophages by target delivered roburic acid effectively ameliorates rheumatoid arthritis symptoms. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, 2023 (PubMed: 37500654) [IF=39.3]

Application: IF/ICC    Species: Mouse    Sample: RAW264.7 cells

Fig. 2 RBA-NPs display targeting capability in vitro. a, b Confocal micrographs showed that DiD-NPs (red) enjoyed significantly improved cell uptake compared with free DiD in LPS + IFN-γ activated RAW264.7 cells. Scale bar = 10 μm. c Flow cytometry analysis showed that the fluorescence intensity of DiD-NPs in LPS + IFN-γ activated RAW264.7 cells was higher than that of free DiD in RAW264.7. d The expression of CD44 and folate receptors increased significantly on the surface of LPS + IFN-γ activated RAW264.7 cells (d). Scale bar = 10 μm. e LPS + IFN-γ activated macrophages were pretreated with HA or FA or both HA and FA to compete for the overexpressed CD44 or folate receptors, and cellular uptake of DiD-NPs was reduced. f Confocal micrographs showed co-localization of DiD-NPs (orange) with CD44 receptor (red) and folate receptor (green). Scale bar = 20 μm. Cell nuclei was stained with DAPI (blue). All results are shown as mean ± SD. *P 
2). HYD-PEP06 suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell-like properties by inhibiting PI3K/AKT and WNT/β-catenin signaling activation. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, 2021 (PubMed: 34221870) [IF=14.5]

Application: WB    Species: Human    Sample: HepG2 cells

Figure 5 Tumor spheres isolated from hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells obtained the characteristics of cancer stem cells. (A) Comparison of the protein levels of CD133 and CD44 in HCCLM3 and HepG2 cells. The protein expression of (B) CD133 and (C) CD44 was dramatically increased in HepG2 cells compared with those in HCCLM3 cells. ∗P < 0.05, compared with the HCCLM3 cells. (D) The images of 3D tumor spheroids were captured using the fluorescence microscope on Day 0 in attachment surface plates and Days 0, 3, 5, 7, and 10 in ultra-low attachment surface plates with CSC medium (magnification 200 ×); scale bar: 20 μm. (E) The protein expression of CD133 and CD44 was analyzed by Western blot in HepG2 and CSC-like cells. The protein expression of (F) CD133 and (G) CD44 was dramatically increased in CSC-like cells compared with HepG2 cells. Data are presented as mean ± SEM; ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01. (H) The expression of CD133 and CD44 were assessed by immunofluorescence staining in HepG2 and tumor sphere cells. Blue represents DAPI; green represents CD44; red represents CD133. Magnification: 400 ×. (I) CSC augments tumor-initiating in vivo. Representative xenograft tumors derived from CSC-like cells compared to HepG2 cells after two weeks subcutaneous injection in nude mice (n = 3). Left panel: HepG2 cells; right: CSCs. (J) The protein levels of CD133 and CD44 were analyzed by Western blot in the tumor tissues isolated from xenograft models. GAPDH served as a sample loading control. The protein levels of CSC markers (K) CD133 and (L) CD44 were dramatically upregulated in right tissues compared with left tissues. Data are presented as mean ± SEM; ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗∗P < 0.001.
3). CD44‐targeting Drug Delivery System of Exosomes Loading Forsythiaside A Combats Liver Fibrosis via Regulating NLRP3‐mediated Pyroptosis. Advanced Healthcare Materials, 2023 (PubMed: 36603210) [IF=10.0]
4). ZIF-8 Modified Multifunctional Bone-Adhesive Hydrogels Promoting Angiogenesis and Osteogenesis for Bone Regeneration. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2020 (PubMed: 32814397) [IF=9.5]
5). Kaempferol alleviates calcium oxalate crystal-induced renal injury and crystal deposition via regulation of the AR/NOX2 signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE, 2021 (PubMed: 33852977) [IF=7.9]

Application: IHC    Species: Human    Sample: HK-2 cells

Fig. 1. Effect of kaempferol on renal CaOx crystal deposition and tubular injury in vivo. Eligible mice were divided into five groups (n = 8). After a period of 10-day drug treatments, all mice were sacrificed on the 11 th day for the following tests. Pathological results were shown by the (a) images as well as (b-g) corresponding quantitative analysis through HE staining, Pizzolato staining, PAS staining, TUNEL staining, OPN and CD44 immunohistochemistry staining of paraffin embedded kidney sections. (h-j) Renal dysfunction was determined by serum levels of BUN, creatinine and NAGL among the five groups. (k) Group annotations were applied for all histograms. Data were expressed as the fold changes of experimental group to NC group or GA group, and were represented as means ± SD. * p < 0.05 vs. NC group; ** p < 0.05 as GA+Kae (25mg/kg) vs. GA group, GA + Kae (50 mg/kg) vs. GA group, and GA + Kae (25 mg/kg) vs. GA + Kae (50 mg/kg) group, respectively.
6). Ginsenoside Rg1 prevents bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell senescence via NRF2 and PI3K/Akt signaling. Free radical biology & medicine, 2021 (PubMed: 34364981) [IF=7.4]
7). 4T1 cell membrane fragments reunited PAMAM polymer disguising as tumor cell clusters for tumor homotypic targeting and anti-metastasis treatment. Biomaterials Science, 2021 (PubMed: 33355563) [IF=6.6]

Application: WB    Species:    Sample: CCNCs

Fig. 1 |(a) Particle size of PAMAM@DOX, CCM, and CCNCs. (b) Zeta potential of PAMAM@DOX, CCM, and CCNCs with different core-tomembrane mass ratios. (c) TEM images of: (I) PAMAM@DOX, (II) CCM vesicles, and (III, IV) CCNCs. (d) SDS-PAGE analysis of (I) protein marker,(II) 4T1 cell lysate, (III) CCM, and (IV) CCNCs. (e) Membrane protein characterization by the western blotting analysis of (I) 4T1 cell lysate, (II)CCM, and (III) CCNCs. Antigens tested included CD44, CD47, Na+K+-ATPase, and GAPDH
8). The capsaicinoid nonivamide suppresses the inflammatory response and attenuates the progression of steatosis in a NAFLD‐rat model. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 2023 (PubMed: 36541345) [IF=3.6]
9). CX43 down-regulation promotes cell aggressiveness and 5-fluorouracil-resistance by attenuating cell stiffness in colorectal carcinoma. Cancer Biology & Therapy, 2023 (PubMed: 37342072) [IF=3.6]

Application: WB    Species: Human    Sample: CRC cells

Figure 5. CX43 increased cell stiffness by polymerizing CRC cytoskeleton. (a and b) Confocal microscopy analysis of α-tubulin polymerization and F-actin cytoskeletal remodeling in CRC cells with CX43 overexpression and knock-down. (c) The young’s modulus of CX43 overexpressed DLD1 cells was measured by atomic mechanics microscope. Mechanical curve (left) and quantitative analysis (right) are displayed. (d) Western blot analyses expression of stem cell characteristic related proteins in CRC cells with CX43 overexpression. (e) The tumor cell spheroidizing ability of CX43 overexpression cells was detected by tumor sphere formation assays. (f) Western blot was used to survey the relative expression of apoptosis pathway related proteins in CX43 overexpression cells. The downregulation of CX43 could rescue the above phenotypes (d, e and f).
10). ONECUT2 which is targeted by hsa-miR-15a-5p enhances stemness maintenance of gastric cancer stem cells. Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2021 (PubMed: 34365839) [IF=3.2]
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