RAC2 Antibody - #DF6273

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Product: RAC2 Antibody
Catalog: DF6273
Description: Rabbit polyclonal antibody to RAC2
Application: WB IHC IF/ICC
Reactivity: Human, Mouse, Rat
Prediction: Pig, Bovine, Horse, Rabbit, Dog, Chicken
Mol.Wt.: 21kDa; 21kD(Calculated).
Uniprot: P15153
RRID: AB_2838239

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Related Downloads
MS Report
HPLC Report
MSDS
Data Sheet
COA
Protocols
WB Handbook
IHC Protocol
IF/ICC Protocol

Product Info

Source:
Rabbit
Application:
WB 1:500-1:2000, IHC 1:50-1:200, IF/ICC 1:100-1:500
*The optimal dilutions should be determined by the end user.
*Tips:

WB: For western blot detection of denatured protein samples. IHC: For immunohistochemical detection of paraffin sections (IHC-p) or frozen sections (IHC-f) of tissue samples. IF/ICC: For immunofluorescence detection of cell samples. ELISA(peptide): For ELISA detection of antigenic peptide.

Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat
Prediction:
Pig(80%), Bovine(80%), Horse(80%), Rabbit(90%), Dog(80%), Chicken(80%)
Clonality:
Polyclonal
Specificity:
RAC2 Antibody detects endogenous levels of total RAC2.
RRID:
AB_2838239
Cite Format: Affinity Biosciences Cat# DF6273, RRID:AB_2838239.
Conjugate:
Unconjugated.
Purification:
The antiserum was purified by peptide affinity chromatography using SulfoLink™ Coupling Resin (Thermo Fisher Scientific).
Storage:
Rabbit IgG in phosphate buffered saline , pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol. Store at -20 °C. Stable for 12 months from date of receipt.
Alias:

Fold/Unfold

EN 7; EN-7; EN7; GX; HSPC 022; HSPC022; p21 Rac 2; p21 Rac2; p21-Rac2; p21Rac2; RAC 2; Rac2; RAC2_HUMAN; Ras related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 (rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac2; Ras related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2; Ras related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3 (rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac2); Ras related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3; Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2; Rho family small GTP binding protein Rac 2; Rho family small GTP binding protein Rac2; Small G protein;

Immunogens

Immunogen:
Uniprot:

P15153(RAC2_HUMAN) >>Visit HPA database.

Gene(ID):
RAC2(5880)
Expression:
P15153 RAC2_HUMAN:

Hematopoietic specific.

Description:
Rac and Cdc42 are members of the Rho-GTPase family. In mammals, Rac exists as three isoforms, Rac1, Rac2 and Rac3, which are highly similar in sequence. Rac1 and Cdc42, the most widely studied of this group, are ubiquitously expressed. Rac2 is expressed in cells of hematopoietic origin, and Rac3, while highly expressed in brain, is also found in many other tissues. Rac and Cdc42 play key signaling roles in cytoskeletal reorganization, membrane trafficking, transcriptional regulation, cell growth and development (1). GTP binding stimulates the activity of Rac/Cdc42, and the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP through the protein's intrinsic GTPase activity, rendering it inactive. GTP hydrolysis is aided by GTPase activating proteins (GAPs), while exchange of GDP for GTP is facilitated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). Another level of regulation is achieved through the binding of RhoGDI, a guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor, which retains Rho family GTPases, including Rac and Cdc42, in their inactive GDP-bound state (2,3).
Sequence:
MQAIKCVVVGDGAVGKTCLLISYTTNAFPGEYIPTVFDNYSANVMVDSKPVNLGLWDTAGQEDYDRLRPLSYPQTDVFLICFSLVSPASYENVRAKWFPEVRHHCPSTPIILVGTKLDLRDDKDTIEKLKEKKLAPITYPQGLALAKEIDSVKYLECSALTQRGLKTVFDEAIRAVLCPQPTRQQKRACSLL

Predictions

Predictions:

Score>80(red) has high confidence and is suggested to be used for WB detection. *The prediction model is mainly based on the alignment of immunogen sequences, the results are for reference only, not as the basis of quality assurance.

Species
Results
Score
Rabbit
90
Pig
80
Horse
80
Bovine
80
Dog
80
Chicken
80
Zebrafish
44
Sheep
0
Xenopus
0
Model Confidence:
High(score>80) Medium(80>score>50) Low(score<50) No confidence

PTMs - P15153 As Substrate

Site PTM Type Enzyme
K5 Ubiquitination
C6 S-Nitrosylation
Y32 Phosphorylation
Y64 Phosphorylation
K96 Ubiquitination
C105 S-Nitrosylation
K116 Ubiquitination
K123 Acetylation
K123 Methylation
K123 Ubiquitination
K128 Ubiquitination
K130 Methylation
K133 Ubiquitination
K147 Acetylation
K147 Ubiquitination
K153 Acetylation
K153 Ubiquitination
T161 Phosphorylation
R163 Methylation
K166 Ubiquitination
T167 Phosphorylation
C178 S-Nitrosylation

Research Backgrounds

Function:

Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between an active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound state. In active state binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses, such as secretory processes, phagocytose of apoptotic cells and epithelial cell polarization. Augments the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by NADPH oxidase.

PTMs:

(Microbial infection) Glycosylated at Tyr-32 by Photorhabdus asymbiotica toxin PAU_02230. Mono-O-GlcNAcylation by PAU_02230 inhibits downstream signaling by an impaired interaction with diverse regulator and effector proteins of Rac and leads to actin disassembly.

Subcellular Location:

Cytoplasm.
Note: Membrane-associated when activated.

Extracellular region or secreted Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion Manual annotation Automatic computational assertionSubcellular location
Tissue Specificity:

Hematopoietic specific.

Subunit Structure:

Interacts with DOCK2, which may activate it. Interacts with S100A8 and calprotectin (S100A8/9). Found in a complex with SH3RF1, MAP3K7/TAK1, MAP2K7/MKK7, MAPK8IP1/JIP1, MAPK8/JNK1 and MAPK9/JNK2 (By similarity).

Family&Domains:

Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rho family.

Research Fields

· Cellular Processes > Cellular community - eukaryotes > Focal adhesion.   (View pathway)

· Cellular Processes > Cellular community - eukaryotes > Adherens junction.   (View pathway)

· Cellular Processes > Cell motility > Regulation of actin cytoskeleton.   (View pathway)

· Environmental Information Processing > Signal transduction > MAPK signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Environmental Information Processing > Signal transduction > Ras signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Environmental Information Processing > Signal transduction > Rap1 signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Environmental Information Processing > Signal transduction > cAMP signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Environmental Information Processing > Signal transduction > Sphingolipid signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Environmental Information Processing > Signal transduction > Wnt signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Overview > Pathways in cancer.   (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Specific types > Colorectal cancer.   (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Specific types > Pancreatic cancer.   (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Overview > Choline metabolism in cancer.   (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Cardiovascular diseases > Viral myocarditis.

· Organismal Systems > Immune system > Chemokine signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Development > Axon guidance.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Immune system > Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Immune system > B cell receptor signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Immune system > Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Immune system > Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Immune system > Leukocyte transendothelial migration.   (View pathway)

References

1). Preclinical efficacy of TZG in myofascial pain syndrome by impairing PI3K-RAC2 signaling-mediated neutrophil extracellular traps. iScience, 2023 (PubMed: 37860777) [IF=5.8]

Application: WB    Species: Rat    Sample:

Figure 5 TZG significantly regulated the expression of NETs formation-related indicators, and the corresponding proteins in PI3K-RAC2 signaling (A–E). Serum levels of dsDNA, IL-8, TNF-α, CitH3, and MPO detected by ELISA analyses, respectively. Samples in (A)∼(E) were obtained from the blood supernatant of rats in different groups. (F–I) The ratios of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-P47/P47, and the expression levels of RAC2 and PAD4 proteins detected by western blot analyses, respectively. Samples in (F)∼(I) were obtained from MTrPs tissues of rats in different groups. The number of rats in each group was 8. Data are expressed as the mean ± S.D. “∗,” “∗∗,” and “∗∗∗,” p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001, respectively, comparison with the normal control group. “#,” “##,” and “###,” p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001, respectively, comparison with the MPS model group.

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