Product: Phospho-PKC delta (Ser645) Antibody
Catalog: AF3408
Description: Rabbit polyclonal antibody to Phospho-PKC delta (Ser645)
Application: WB IHC IF/ICC
Reactivity: Human, Mouse
Prediction: Pig, Bovine, Horse, Sheep, Dog, Chicken
Mol.Wt.: 78kDa; 78kD(Calculated).
Uniprot: Q05655
RRID: AB_2834835

View similar products>>

   Size Price Inventory
 100ul $280 In stock
 200ul $350 In stock

Lead Time: Same day delivery

For pricing and ordering contact:
Local distributors

Product Info

Source:
Rabbit
Application:
WB 1:500-1:2000, IHC 1:50-1:200, IF/ICC 1:100-1:500
*The optimal dilutions should be determined by the end user.
*Tips:

WB: For western blot detection of denatured protein samples. IHC: For immunohistochemical detection of paraffin sections (IHC-p) or frozen sections (IHC-f) of tissue samples. IF/ICC: For immunofluorescence detection of cell samples. ELISA(peptide): For ELISA detection of antigenic peptide.

Reactivity:
Human,Mouse
Prediction:
Pig(82%), Bovine(91%), Horse(91%), Sheep(91%), Dog(91%), Chicken(82%)
Clonality:
Polyclonal
Specificity:
Phospho-PKC delta (Ser645) Antibody detects endogenous levels of PKC delta only when phosphorylated at Serine 645.
RRID:
AB_2834835
Cite Format: Affinity Biosciences Cat# AF3408, RRID:AB_2834835.
Conjugate:
Unconjugated.
Purification:
The antibody is from purified rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho-peptide and non-phospho-peptide affinity columns.
Storage:
Rabbit IgG in phosphate buffered saline , pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol. Store at -20 °C. Stable for 12 months from date of receipt.
Alias:

Fold/Unfold

CVID9; D14Ertd420e; Kinase PKC delta; KPCD; KPCD_HUMAN; MAY 1; MAY1; MGC49908; nPKC delta; nPKC-delta; PCKd; PKC d; PKC delta; PKCD; PKCdelta; PRKC D; PRKC delta; Prkcd; Protein Kinase C delta; Protein kinase C delta type; Protein kinase C delta VIII; Protein Kinase Cdelta; Tyrosine protein kinase PRKCD;

Immunogens

Immunogen:
Uniprot:
Gene(ID):
Description:
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine- and threonine-specific protein kinases that can be activated by calcium and the second messenger diacylglycerol. PKC family members phosphorylate a wide variety of protein targets and are known to be involved in diverse cellular signaling pathways.
Sequence:
MAPFLRIAFNSYELGSLQAEDEANQPFCAVKMKEALSTERGKTLVQKKPTMYPEWKSTFDAHIYEGRVIQIVLMRAAEEPVSEVTVGVSVLAERCKKNNGKAEFWLDLQPQAKVLMSVQYFLEDVDCKQSMRSEDEAKFPTMNRRGAIKQAKIHYIKNHEFIATFFGQPTFCSVCKDFVWGLNKQGYKCRQCNAAIHKKCIDKIIGRCTGTAANSRDTIFQKERFNIDMPHRFKVHNYMSPTFCDHCGSLLWGLVKQGLKCEDCGMNVHHKCREKVANLCGINQKLLAEALNQVTQRASRRSDSASSEPVGIYQGFEKKTGVAGEDMQDNSGTYGKIWEGSSKCNINNFIFHKVLGKGSFGKVLLGELKGRGEYFAIKALKKDVVLIDDDVECTMVEKRVLTLAAENPFLTHLICTFQTKDHLFFVMEFLNGGDLMYHIQDKGRFELYRATFYAAEIMCGLQFLHSKGIIYRDLKLDNVLLDRDGHIKIADFGMCKENIFGESRASTFCGTPDYIAPEILQGLKYTFSVDWWSFGVLLYEMLIGQSPFHGDDEDELFESIRVDTPHYPRWITKESKDILEKLFEREPTKRLGVTGNIKIHPFFKTINWTLLEKRRLEPPFRPKVKSPRDYSNFDQEFLNEKARLSYSDKNLIDSMDQSAFAGFSFVNPKFEHLLED

Predictions

Predictions:

Score>80(red) has high confidence and is suggested to be used for WB detection. *The prediction model is mainly based on the alignment of immunogen sequences, the results are for reference only, not as the basis of quality assurance.

Species
Results
Score
Horse
91
Bovine
91
Sheep
91
Dog
91
Pig
82
Chicken
82
Xenopus
73
Zebrafish
0
Rabbit
0
Model Confidence:
High(score>80) Medium(80>score>50) Low(score<50) No confidence

PTMs - Q05655 As Substrate

Site PTM Type Enzyme
T43 Phosphorylation
T50 Phosphorylation
Y52 Phosphorylation
Y64 Phosphorylation
K113 Sumoylation
S130 Phosphorylation
S133 Phosphorylation
K138 Ubiquitination
T141 Phosphorylation Q05655 (PRKCD)
Y155 Phosphorylation
K184 Ubiquitination
Y187 Phosphorylation
T218 Phosphorylation Q05655 (PRKCD)
K222 Ubiquitination
K271 Ubiquitination
T295 Phosphorylation Q05655 (PRKCD)
S299 Phosphorylation Q05655 (PRKCD)
S302 Phosphorylation Q05655 (PRKCD)
S304 Phosphorylation Q05655 (PRKCD)
S306 Phosphorylation
S307 Phosphorylation
Y313 Phosphorylation P07948 (LYN) , P00519 (ABL1) , P08631 (HCK) , P00533 (EGFR) , P07947 (YES1) , P06241 (FYN) , P12931 (SRC) , P09619 (PDGFRB) , P06239 (LCK)
K319 Ubiquitination
S331 Phosphorylation
T333 Phosphorylation
Y334 Phosphorylation P07947 (YES1) , P06241 (FYN) , P09619 (PDGFRB) , P00533 (EGFR) , P12931 (SRC) , P07948 (LYN)
K336 Ubiquitination
S341 Phosphorylation
S342 Phosphorylation
K357 Ubiquitination
S359 Phosphorylation
K362 Ubiquitination
K369 Ubiquitination
Y374 Phosphorylation
Y448 Phosphorylation
T451 Phosphorylation
Y453 Phosphorylation
Y471 Phosphorylation
K496 Ubiquitination
S503 Phosphorylation Q05655 (PRKCD)
S506 Phosphorylation
T507 Phosphorylation O15530 (PDPK1) , Q05655 (PRKCD)
T511 Phosphorylation
Y514 Phosphorylation
Y525 Phosphorylation
Y567 Phosphorylation
K581 Ubiquitination
T594 Phosphorylation
T605 Phosphorylation
T609 Phosphorylation
K613 Ubiquitination
Y630 Phosphorylation
S631 Phosphorylation
K641 Ubiquitination
S645 Phosphorylation Q05655 (PRKCD)
Y646 Phosphorylation
S647 Phosphorylation
S654 Phosphorylation
S658 Phosphorylation
S664 Phosphorylation

PTMs - Q05655 As Enzyme

Substrate Site Source
O00429-4 (DNM1L) S579 Uniprot
O00429 (DNM1L) S616 Uniprot
O14939 (PLD2) T566 Uniprot
O15162 (PLSCR1) T161 Uniprot
O15350-2 (TP73) S289 Uniprot
O76090 (BEST1) S358 Uniprot
O95817 (BAG3) S187 Uniprot
P00533-1 (EGFR) T678 Uniprot
P04040 (CAT) S167 Uniprot
P04406 (GAPDH) T246 Uniprot
P04637 (TP53) S15 Uniprot
P04637 (TP53) S46 Uniprot
P04792 (HSPB1) S15 Uniprot
P04792 (HSPB1) S86 Uniprot
P05107 (ITGB2) S745 Uniprot
P05107 (ITGB2) T758 Uniprot
P05198 (EIF2S1) S52 Uniprot
P05787 (KRT8) S74 Uniprot
P07108 (DBI) T42 Uniprot
P07550 (ADRB2) S261 Uniprot
P07550 (ADRB2) S262 Uniprot
P07550 (ADRB2) S345 Uniprot
P07550 (ADRB2) S346 Uniprot
P08581 (MET) S985 Uniprot
P10588 (NR2F6) S83 Uniprot
P10636-2 (MAPT) S204 Uniprot
P10636-8 (MAPT) S262 Uniprot
P10636-2 (MAPT) S267 Uniprot
P10636-6 (MAPT) S298 Uniprot
P10636-8 (MAPT) S356 Uniprot
P11413 (G6PD) S180 Uniprot
P11413-3 (G6PD) S210 Uniprot
P11413 (G6PD) T236 Uniprot
P11413-3 (G6PD) T266 Uniprot
P11831 (SRF) T160 Uniprot
P12830 (CDH1) T790 Uniprot
P12931 (SRC) S12 Uniprot
P13498 (CYBA) T147 Uniprot
P13796 (LCP1) S5 Uniprot
P14598 (NCF1) S303 Uniprot
P14598 (NCF1) S304 Uniprot
P14598 (NCF1) S315 Uniprot
P14598 (NCF1) S320 Uniprot
P14598 (NCF1) S328 Uniprot
P14598 (NCF1) S359 Uniprot
P14598 (NCF1) S370 Uniprot
P14598 (NCF1) S379 Uniprot
P15941-7 (MUC1) T224 Uniprot
P15941-11 (MUC1) T233 Uniprot
P15941-8 (MUC1) T242 Uniprot
P15941 (MUC1) T1224 Uniprot
P17096 (HMGA1) S44 Uniprot
P17096 (HMGA1) S64 Uniprot
P17302 (GJA1) S368 Uniprot
P18433-6 (PTPRA) S180 Uniprot
P18433 (PTPRA) S189 Uniprot
P18433 (PTPRA) S204 Uniprot
P18433-5 (PTPRA) S213 Uniprot
P19086 (GNAZ) S16 Uniprot
P19086 (GNAZ) S27 Uniprot
P19429 (TNNI3) S23 Uniprot
P19429 (TNNI3) S24 Uniprot
P19429 (TNNI3) T143 Uniprot
P21730 (C5AR1) S334 Uniprot
P23396 (RPS3) S6 Uniprot
P23396 (RPS3) T221 Uniprot
P25098 (GRK2) S29 Uniprot
P26010-1 (ITGB7) T783 Uniprot
P28329-3 (CHAT) S440 Uniprot
P28329-3 (CHAT) S476 Uniprot
P28329 (CHAT) S558 Uniprot
P28329 (CHAT) S594 Uniprot
P29353 (SHC1) S28 Uniprot
P29353-2 (SHC1) S29 Uniprot
P29353 (SHC1) S139 Uniprot
P29474 (NOS3) T495 Uniprot
P30086 (PEBP1) S153 Uniprot
P30411-1 (BDKRB2) S373 Uniprot
P31431 (SDC4) S179 Uniprot
P31946 (YWHAB) S60 Uniprot
P35222 (CTNNB1) S715 Uniprot
P35568 (IRS1) S307 Uniprot
P35568 (IRS1) S323 Uniprot
P35568 (IRS1) S362 Uniprot
P35568 (IRS1) S441 Uniprot
P35568 (IRS1) S574 Uniprot
P35568 (IRS1) S616 Uniprot
P35568 (IRS1) S1101 Uniprot
P35611-1 (ADD1) S695 Uniprot
P35611 (ADD1) S726 Uniprot
P35612-1 (ADD2) S713 Uniprot
P35612-1 (ADD2) S726 Uniprot
P38936 (CDKN1A) S146 Uniprot
P40189 (IL6ST) T890 Uniprot
P40189 (IL6ST) T909 Uniprot
P40763-2 (STAT3) S726 Uniprot
P40763 (STAT3) S727 Uniprot
P41143 (OPRD1) S344 Uniprot
P41594-2 (GRM5) S840 Uniprot
P42224 (STAT1) S727 Uniprot
P45983 (MAPK8) S129 Uniprot
P48048-2 (KCNJ1) S164 Uniprot
P48048-1 (KCNJ1) S183 Uniprot
P49023-2 (PXN) T538 Uniprot
P49840 (GSK3A) S21 Uniprot
P49841 (GSK3B) S9 Uniprot
P51398 (DAP3) S31 Uniprot
P51398 (DAP3) S185 Uniprot
P51398 (DAP3) T186 Uniprot
P51398 (DAP3) T237 Uniprot
P51398 (DAP3) S280 Uniprot
P52757 (CHN2) S171 Uniprot
P53004 (BLVRA) S21 Uniprot
P53004 (BLVRA) S33 Uniprot
P53004 (BLVRA) S230 Uniprot
P53004 (BLVRA) S237 Uniprot
P53671 (LIMK2) S283 Uniprot
P61073 (CXCR4) S324 Uniprot
P61073 (CXCR4) S325 Uniprot
P61978-2 (HNRNPK) S302 Uniprot
P62753 (RPS6) S235 Uniprot
P62753 (RPS6) S236 Uniprot
P63104 (YWHAZ) S58 Uniprot
P68104-1 (EEF1A1) T432 Uniprot
P68431 (HIST1H3J) T46 Uniprot
P78536 (ADAM17) T735 Uniprot
P98082 (DAB2) S24 Uniprot
Q01543 (FLI1) T312 Uniprot
Q01995 (TAGLN) S181 Uniprot
Q02297-6 (NRG1) S286 Uniprot
Q04917 (YWHAH) S59 Uniprot
Q05655 (PRKCD) T141 Uniprot
Q05655 (PRKCD) T218 Uniprot
Q05655 (PRKCD) T295 Uniprot
Q05655 (PRKCD) S299 Uniprot
Q05655 (PRKCD) S302 Uniprot
Q05655 (PRKCD) S304 Uniprot
Q05655 (PRKCD) S503 Uniprot
Q05655 (PRKCD) T507 Uniprot
Q05655 (PRKCD) S645 Uniprot
Q09472 (EP300) S89 Uniprot
Q13263 (TRIM28) S473 Uniprot
Q13887-1 (KLF5) S153 Uniprot
Q14247 (CTTN) S405 Uniprot
Q14896 (MYBPC3) S275 Uniprot
Q14896 (MYBPC3) S284 Uniprot
Q14896 (MYBPC3) S304 Uniprot
Q15078 (CDK5R1) S59 Uniprot
Q15078 (CDK5R1) S65 Uniprot
Q15078 (CDK5R1) S124 Uniprot
Q15080-3 (NCF4) T154 Uniprot
Q15139 (PRKD1) S412 Uniprot
Q15139 (PRKD1) S738 Uniprot
Q15139 (PRKD1) S742 Uniprot
Q15438-2 (CYTH1) S393 Uniprot
Q15438 (CYTH1) S394 Uniprot
Q15438-2 (CYTH1) T394 Uniprot
Q15438-1 (CYTH1) T395 Uniprot
Q15717 (ELAVL1) S221 Uniprot
Q15717 (ELAVL1) S318 Uniprot
Q15797 (SMAD1) S463 Uniprot
Q15797 (SMAD1) S465 Uniprot
Q16206 (ENOX2) S504 Uniprot
Q16236-1 (NFE2L2) S40 Uniprot
Q16658 (FSCN1) S39 Uniprot
Q16820 (MEP1B) S687 Uniprot
Q5JVS0 (HABP4) T354 Uniprot
Q5JVS0 (HABP4) T375 Uniprot
Q8IV61 (RASGRP3) T133 Uniprot
Q92793-1 (CREBBP) S437 Uniprot
Q96A00 (PPP1R14A) T38 Uniprot
Q96C90 (PPP1R14B) T57 Uniprot
Q96D96 (HVCN1) T29 Uniprot
Q96D96 (HVCN1) S97 Uniprot
Q99808 (SLC29A1) S281 Uniprot
Q99986 (VRK1) T355 Uniprot
Q9BZK7 (TBL1XR1) S123 Uniprot
Q9H257 (CARD9) T231 Uniprot
Q9HBA0 (TRPV4) S162 Uniprot
Q9HBA0 (TRPV4) T175 Uniprot
Q9HBA0 (TRPV4) S189 Uniprot
Q9NPP4 (NLRC4) S533 Uniprot
Q9NQ66-2 (PLCB1) S887 Uniprot
Q9NRY6 (PLSCR3) T21 Uniprot
Q9UBS0 (RPS6KB2) S473 Uniprot
Q9UQ80 (PA2G4) S360 Uniprot
Q9UQL6 (HDAC5) S259 Uniprot
Q9Y243-1 (AKT3) S472 Uniprot
Q9Y2R2 (PTPN22) S35 Uniprot

Research Backgrounds

Function:

Calcium-independent, phospholipid- and diacylglycerol (DAG)-dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase that plays contrasting roles in cell death and cell survival by functioning as a pro-apoptotic protein during DNA damage-induced apoptosis, but acting as an anti-apoptotic protein during cytokine receptor-initiated cell death, is involved in tumor suppression as well as survival of several cancers, is required for oxygen radical production by NADPH oxidase and acts as positive or negative regulator in platelet functional responses. Negatively regulates B cell proliferation and also has an important function in self-antigen induced B cell tolerance induction. Upon DNA damage, activates the promoter of the death-promoting transcription factor BCLAF1/Btf to trigger BCLAF1-mediated p53/TP53 gene transcription and apoptosis. In response to oxidative stress, interact with and activate CHUK/IKKA in the nucleus, causing the phosphorylation of p53/TP53. In the case of ER stress or DNA damage-induced apoptosis, can form a complex with the tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1 which trigger apoptosis independently of p53/TP53. In cytosol can trigger apoptosis by activating MAPK11 or MAPK14, inhibiting AKT1 and decreasing the level of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), whereas in nucleus induces apoptosis via the activation of MAPK8 or MAPK9. Upon ionizing radiation treatment, is required for the activation of the apoptosis regulators BAX and BAK, which trigger the mitochondrial cell death pathway. Can phosphorylate MCL1 and target it for degradation which is sufficient to trigger for BAX activation and apoptosis. Is required for the control of cell cycle progression both at G1/S and G2/M phases. Mediates phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced inhibition of cell cycle progression at G1/S phase by up-regulating the CDK inhibitor CDKN1A/p21 and inhibiting the cyclin CCNA2 promoter activity. In response to UV irradiation can phosphorylate CDK1, which is important for the G2/M DNA damage checkpoint activation. Can protect glioma cells from the apoptosis induced by TNFSF10/TRAIL, probably by inducing increased phosphorylation and subsequent activation of AKT1. Is highly expressed in a number of cancer cells and promotes cell survival and resistance against chemotherapeutic drugs by inducing cyclin D1 (CCND1) and hyperphosphorylation of RB1, and via several pro-survival pathways, including NF-kappa-B, AKT1 and MAPK1/3 (ERK1/2). Can also act as tumor suppressor upon mitogenic stimulation with PMA or TPA. In N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-treated cells, is required for NCF1 (p47-phox) phosphorylation and activation of NADPH oxidase activity, and regulates TNF-elicited superoxide anion production in neutrophils, by direct phosphorylation and activation of NCF1 or indirectly through MAPK1/3 (ERK1/2) signaling pathways. May also play a role in the regulation of NADPH oxidase activity in eosinophil after stimulation with IL5, leukotriene B4 or PMA. In collagen-induced platelet aggregation, acts a negative regulator of filopodia formation and actin polymerization by interacting with and negatively regulating VASP phosphorylation. Downstream of PAR1, PAR4 and CD36/GP4 receptors, regulates differentially platelet dense granule secretion; acts as a positive regulator in PAR-mediated granule secretion, whereas it negatively regulates CD36/GP4-mediated granule release. Phosphorylates MUC1 in the C-terminal and regulates the interaction between MUC1 and beta-catenin. The catalytic subunit phosphorylates 14-3-3 proteins (YWHAB, YWHAZ and YWHAH) in a sphingosine-dependent fashion (By similarity). Phosphorylates ELAVL1 in response to angiotensin-2 treatment.

PTMs:

Autophosphorylated and/or phosphorylated at Thr-507, within the activation loop; phosphorylation at Thr-507 is not a prerequisite for enzymatic activity. Autophosphorylated at Ser-299, Ser-302 and Ser-304. Upon TNFSF10/TRAIL treatment, phosphorylated at Tyr-155; phosphorylation is required for its translocation to the endoplasmic reticulum and cleavage by caspase-3. Phosphorylated at Tyr-313, Tyr-334 and Tyr-567; phosphorylation of Tyr-313 and Tyr-567 following thrombin stimulation potentiates its kinase activity. Phosphorylated by protein kinase PDPK1; phosphorylation is inhibited by the apoptotic C-terminal cleavage product of PKN2.

Proteolytically cleaved into a catalytic subunit and a regulatory subunit by caspase-3 during apoptosis which results in kinase activation.

Subcellular Location:

Cytoplasm. Cytoplasm>Perinuclear region. Nucleus. Cell membrane>Peripheral membrane protein.

Extracellular region or secreted Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion Manual annotation Automatic computational assertionSubcellular location
Subunit Structure:

Interacts with PDPK1 (via N-terminal region). Interacts with RAD9A. Interacts with CDCP1. Interacts with MUC1. Interacts with VASP. Interacts with CAVIN3 (By similarity). Interacts with PRKD2 (via N-terminus and zing-finger domain 1 and 2) in response to oxidative stress; the interaction is independent of PRKD2 tyrosine phosphorylation.

Family&Domains:

The C1 domain, containing the phorbol ester/DAG-type region 1 (C1A) and 2 (C1B), is the diacylglycerol sensor.

The C2 domain is a non-calcium binding domain. It binds proteins containing phosphotyrosine in a sequence-specific manner.

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. PKC subfamily.

Research Fields

· Cellular Processes > Transport and catabolism > Autophagy - animal.   (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Endocrine and metabolic diseases > Type II diabetes mellitus.

· Human Diseases > Endocrine and metabolic diseases > Insulin resistance.

· Organismal Systems > Immune system > Chemokine signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Circulatory system > Vascular smooth muscle contraction.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Immune system > NOD-like receptor signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Immune system > Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Nervous system > Neurotrophin signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Sensory system > Inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Endocrine system > Estrogen signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

References

1). Cinacalcet Targets the Neurokinin-1 Receptor and Inhibits PKCδ/ERK/P65 Signaling to Alleviate Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2021 (PubMed: 34880751) [IF=5.6]

Application: WB    Species: Mouse    Sample:

FIGURE 6 Cinacalcet suppresses the PKCδ/ERK/P65 signaling pathway. (A) Visualization of predicted the binding sites of cinacalcet with respect to NK1R. Structures on the yellow color and grey surface represent the NK1R structure, blue structures represent the amino acids of cinacalcet that bind to NK1R, and structures in pink represent structures of cinacalcet. (B) DARTs assay to test the binding of NK1R and cinacalcet. (C) Representative western blot results to show that cinacalcet suppresses the PKCδ/ERK/P65 signaling pathway. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were starved with 2% FBS overnight. After treating the cells with cinacalcet (1 μM) for 2 h, TNFα (10 ng/ml) was added for different periods (0, 15, 30, 60 min). Proteins were extracted from the cells, and western blotting was performed. (D) Quantification of p-PKCδ expression. (E) Quantification of p-ERK expression. (F) Quantification of p-P65 expression. (G, H) qRT-PCR was performed to test the mRNA expression levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in BMDMs after stimulation with TNFα (10 ng/ml) in the presence or absence of cinacalcet for 24 h (I, J) ELISA was performed to detect IL-1β and IL-6 levels in BMDM supernatants after stimulation with TNFα (10 ng/ml) in the presence or absence of cinacalcet for 24 h. (K) Proposed model explaining the anti-TNF activity of cinacalcet through direct targeting of the NK1R pathway. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001. Data are shown as the mean with standard deviation. Three independent experiments were performed.

Restrictive clause

 

Affinity Biosciences tests all products strictly. Citations are provided as a resource for additional applications that have not been validated by Affinity Biosciences. Please choose the appropriate format for each application and consult Materials and Methods sections for additional details about the use of any product in these publications.

For Research Use Only.
Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. Not for resale. Not for distribution without written consent. Affinity Biosciences will not be held responsible for patent infringement or other violations that may occur with the use of our products. Affinity Biosciences, Affinity Biosciences Logo and all other trademarks are the property of Affinity Biosciences LTD.