Product: SPHK2 Antibody
Catalog: AF9201
Description: Rabbit polyclonal antibody to SPHK2
Application: WB IHC
Reactivity: Human
Prediction: Pig, Bovine, Horse, Sheep, Dog
Mol.Wt.: 70-80kDa; 69kD(Calculated).
Uniprot: Q9NRA0
RRID: AB_2843391

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Product Info

Source:
Rabbit
Application:
WB 1:1000, IHC 1:50-1:200
*The optimal dilutions should be determined by the end user.
*Tips:

WB: For western blot detection of denatured protein samples. IHC: For immunohistochemical detection of paraffin sections (IHC-p) or frozen sections (IHC-f) of tissue samples. IF/ICC: For immunofluorescence detection of cell samples. ELISA(peptide): For ELISA detection of antigenic peptide.

Reactivity:
Human
Prediction:
Pig(100%), Bovine(100%), Horse(100%), Sheep(100%), Dog(100%)
Clonality:
Polyclonal
Specificity:
SPHK2 Antibody detects endogenous levels of total SPHK2.
RRID:
AB_2843391
Cite Format: Affinity Biosciences Cat# AF9201, RRID:AB_2843391.
Conjugate:
Unconjugated.
Purification:
The antiserum was purified by peptide affinity chromatography using SulfoLink™ Coupling Resin (Thermo Fisher Scientific).
Storage:
Rabbit IgG in phosphate buffered saline , pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol. Store at -20 °C. Stable for 12 months from date of receipt.
Alias:

Fold/Unfold

SK 2; Sphingosine kinase 2; Sphingosine kinase type 2; SPHK2; SPHK2_HUMAN; SPK 2;

Immunogens

Immunogen:
Uniprot:
Gene(ID):
Expression:
Q9NRA0 SPHK2_HUMAN:

Mainly expressed in adult kidney, liver, and brain (PubMed:10751414). Expressed in cerebral cortex and hippocampus (at protein level) (PubMed:29615132). Isoform 1 is the predominant form expressed in most tissues (PubMed:16103110).

Sequence:
MNGHLEAEEQQDQRPDQELTGSWGHGPRSTLVRAKAMAPPPPPLAASTPLLHGEFGSYPARGPRFALTLTSQALHIQRLRPKPEARPRGGLVPLAEVSGCCTLRSRSPSDSAAYFCIYTYPRGRRGARRRATRTFRADGAATYEENRAEAQRWATALTCLLRGLPLPGDGEITPDLLPRPPRLLLLVNPFGGRGLAWQWCKNHVLPMISEAGLSFNLIQTERQNHARELVQGLSLSEWDGIVTVSGDGLLHEVLNGLLDRPDWEEAVKMPVGILPCGSGNALAGAVNQHGGFEPALGLDLLLNCSLLLCRGGGHPLDLLSVTLASGSRCFSFLSVAWGFVSDVDIQSERFRALGSARFTLGTVLGLATLHTYRGRLSYLPATVEPASPTPAHSLPRAKSELTLTPDPAPPMAHSPLHRSVSDLPLPLPQPALASPGSPEPLPILSLNGGGPELAGDWGGAGDAPLSPDPLLSSPPGSPKAALHSPVSEGAPVIPPSSGLPLPTPDARVGASTCGPPDHLLPPLGTPLPPDWVTLEGDFVLMLAISPSHLGADLVAAPHARFDDGLVHLCWVRSGISRAALLRLFLAMERGSHFSLGCPQLGYAAARAFRLEPLTPRGVLTVDGEQVEYGPLQAQMHPGIGTLLTGPPGCPGREP

Predictions

Predictions:

Score>80(red) has high confidence and is suggested to be used for WB detection. *The prediction model is mainly based on the alignment of immunogen sequences, the results are for reference only, not as the basis of quality assurance.

Species
Results
Score
Pig
100
Horse
100
Bovine
100
Sheep
100
Dog
100
Xenopus
67
Zebrafish
57
Chicken
0
Rabbit
0
Model Confidence:
High(score>80) Medium(80>score>50) Low(score<50) No confidence

PTMs - Q9NRA0 As Substrate

Site PTM Type Enzyme
S105 Phosphorylation
S107 Phosphorylation
S355 Phosphorylation
T359 Phosphorylation
T368 Phosphorylation
T371 Phosphorylation
Y372 Phosphorylation
Y378 Phosphorylation
S387 Phosphorylation P27361 (MAPK3) , P28482 (MAPK1)
T389 Phosphorylation
S399 Phosphorylation
T402 Phosphorylation
T404 Phosphorylation
S414 Phosphorylation
S419 Phosphorylation O94806 (PRKD3) , Q15139 (PRKD1)
S421 Phosphorylation O94806 (PRKD3) , Q15139 (PRKD1)
S473 Phosphorylation
S477 Phosphorylation
S484 Phosphorylation
T614 Phosphorylation P27361 (MAPK3) , P28482 (MAPK1)

Research Backgrounds

Function:

Catalyzes the phosphorylation of sphingosine to form sphingosine-1-phosphate (SPP), a lipid mediator with both intra- and extracellular functions. Also acts on D-erythro-dihydrosphingosine, D-erythro-sphingosine and L-threo-dihydrosphingosine. Binds phosphoinositides. In contrast to prosurvival SPHK1, has a positive effect on intracellular ceramide levels, inhibits cells growth and enhances apoptosis. In mitochondria, is important for cytochrome-c oxidase assembly and mitochondrial respiration. The SPP produced in mitochondria binds PHB2 and modulates the regulation via PHB2 of complex IV assembly and respiration. In nucleus, plays a role in epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Interacts with HDAC1 and HDAC2 and, through SPP production, inhibits their enzymatic activity, preventing the removal of acetyl groups from lysine residues with histones. Upregulates acetylation of histone H3-K9, histone H4-K5 and histone H2B-K12. In nucleus, may have an inhibitory effect on DNA synthesis and cell cycle. In mast cells, is the main regulator of SPP production which mediates calcium influx, NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine production, such as TNF and IL6, and degranulation of mast cells (By similarity). In dopaminergic neurons, is involved in promoting mitochondrial functions regulating ATP and ROS levels (By similarity). Also involved in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism (By similarity).

PTMs:

Phosphorylated by PKD on Ser-419 and Ser-421 upon PMA treatment. Phosphorylation induces export from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Phosphorylated by MAPK1 and MAPK2 at Ser-387 and Thr-614, phosphorylation is induced by agonists such as EGF and PMA and increases kinase activity.

Cleaved by CASP1 in apoptotic cells. The truncated form is released from cells.

Subcellular Location:

Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Endoplasmic reticulum. Mitochondrion inner membrane.
Note: In nucleus, located in nucleosomes where it associates with core histone proteins such as histone 3 (PubMed:19729656). In brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease, may be preferentially localized in the nucleus. Cytosolic expression decrease correlates with the density of amyloid deposits (PubMed:29615132). In apoptotic cells, colocalizes with CASP1 in cell membrane where is cleaved and released from cells in an active form (PubMed:20197547).

Lysosome membrane.

Extracellular region or secreted Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion Manual annotation Automatic computational assertionSubcellular location
Tissue Specificity:

Mainly expressed in adult kidney, liver, and brain. Expressed in cerebral cortex and hippocampus (at protein level). Isoform 1 is the predominant form expressed in most tissues.

Subunit Structure:

Interacts with histone H3. Interacts with HDAC1, HDAC2, MBD2 and SIN3A. Interacts with EEF1A1; the interaction enhances SPHK2 kinase activity. Interacts with PHB2 (By similarity).

Research Fields

· Environmental Information Processing > Signal transduction > Calcium signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Environmental Information Processing > Signal transduction > Sphingolipid signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Environmental Information Processing > Signal transduction > Phospholipase D signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Environmental Information Processing > Signal transduction > Apelin signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Bacterial > Tuberculosis.

· Metabolism > Lipid metabolism > Sphingolipid metabolism.

· Metabolism > Global and overview maps > Metabolic pathways.

· Organismal Systems > Immune system > Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis.   (View pathway)

Restrictive clause

 

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