Cytochrome c Oxidase 1 Antibody - #DF8920

Fig. 5: Cross-species MSR signature attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction. a, c Effects of NMN on the expression level of proteins involved in UPRmt and mitophagy in the 5xFAD mice hippocampi of individuals with and without NMN (n = 3 biologically independent samples; two-sided unpaired t-test). b, d Corresponding quantification of western blot data of (a, c) (n = 3 mice in each group). Data were analyzed by two-sided one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. e, f Representative immunostained images (e) and quantification (f) of ATF4 in the hippocampi of AD (VEH) and AD (NMN) tissues (n = 3 mice; two-sided unpaired t-test). Scale bar, 100 μm. g The mRNA expression measurement of MSR signature after supplementing with NMN in 5xFAD mice (n = 3; two-way ANOVA). h Synaptic proteins from the 6-month hippocampi were analyzed by Western blotting (n = 3 mice in each group). Data were analyzed by two-sided one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. i–k we obtained T2-weighted anatomical images to analyze the structure difference in the ventricle system using a 9.4 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. Data were pooled from at least 3 biological replicates. Data were analyzed by two-sided one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. l Mito-nuclear protein imbalance evaluated by the ratio of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-encoded protein (MTCO1) and nuclear DNA (nDNA)-encoded protein (ATP5a) in three groups (n = 3 mice; one-way ANOVA). m, n Representative immunostaining and quantification of the MitoSOX in the cultured primary astrocytes (n = 6 mice; two-sided unpaired t-test). Scale bar, 20 μm. o, p Representative electron microscopic images, and multiple quantifications, showing the effects of NMN on mitochondrial morphology in mouse hippocampal brain tissues. The quantification was obtained in two independent experiments performed in duplicates in at least 20 ROIs. q ATP Assay was performed in 6-month-old AD mice brain (n = 5 mice, two-sided unpaired t-test). All experiments were performed independently with at least three biological replicates with similar results. Data are shown as mean ± s.e.m. The p-values are indicated on the graphs. ns not significant.

Fig. 7. Effects of SG formula on mitochondrial function of HFD induced - NASH model. (A) Bar graph of the hepatic ATP content in each group. (B-E) Representative western blot images and bar graphs of the relative expressions of MT-CO1, MT-CO2 and MT-CO3 in each group. * , * *, and * ** represent P 

Figure 2.K. pneumoniae induced mitochondrial dynamic imbalance and mitochondrial quality control failure in BMECs. (A) The protein levels of OPA1, MFN1, COX I, DRP1, and FIS1 were detected in BMECs. (B–F) Relative protein abundance of OPA1, MFN1, COX I, DRP1, and FIS1 were normalized to β-actin (mean ± SEM, n = 3). (G) Flow cytometry was used to measure mitochondrial membrane potential level. (H) Changes in mitochondrial membrane potential were determined by the JC-1 red to green fluorescence ratio (mean ± SEM, n = 3). (I) The mPTP opening status was evaluated in BMECs by calcein-AM fluorescence. Representative flow cytometry graph and (J) statistical analysis of calcein-AM fluorescence intensity (mean ± SEM, n = 3). (K) Relative ATP levels (mean ± SEM, n = 3). (L) Mitochondrial morphology of BMECs. The mitochondria were labeled with MitoTracker. (M) Representative transmission electron microscope images of mitochondria. Blue arrow indicates normal mitochondria. Yellow arrow indicates defects in the mitochondrial cristae structure. (N) The percentage of damaged mitochondria was quantified, at least 100 mitochondria.