beta Tubulin Antibody - #DF7967

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Product: beta Tubulin Antibody
Catalog: DF7967
Description: Rabbit polyclonal antibody to beta Tubulin
Application: WB
Cited expt.: WB
Reactivity: Human, Mouse, Rat
Mol.Wt.: 50 kDa; 50kD(Calculated).
Uniprot: P07437
RRID: AB_2841359

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 100ul $280 In stock
 200ul $350 In stock

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Related Downloads
MSDS
Data Sheet
COA
Protocols
WB Handbook
IHC Protocol
IF/ICC Protocol

Product Info

Source:
Rabbit
Application:
WB 1:1000-3000
*The optimal dilutions should be determined by the end user.
*Tips:

WB: For western blot detection of denatured protein samples. IHC: For immunohistochemical detection of paraffin sections (IHC-p) or frozen sections (IHC-f) of tissue samples. IF/ICC: For immunofluorescence detection of cell samples. ELISA(peptide): For ELISA detection of antigenic peptide.

Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat
Clonality:
Polyclonal
Specificity:
beta Tubulin Antibody detects endogenous levels of total beta Tubulin.
RRID:
AB_2841359
Cite Format: Affinity Biosciences Cat# DF7967, RRID:AB_2841359.
Conjugate:
Unconjugated.
Purification:
The antiserum was purified by peptide affinity chromatography using SulfoLink™ Coupling Resin (Thermo Fisher Scientific).
Storage:
Rabbit IgG in phosphate buffered saline , pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol. Store at -20 °C. Stable for 12 months from date of receipt.
Alias:

Fold/Unfold

Tubulin beta 2b; Alpha tubulin; Alpha-tubulin ubiquitous; beta Ib tubulin; CDCBM5; CDCBM6; fd02b12; K ALPHA 1; M40; OK/SW-cl.56; TBA1B_HUMAN; TUBA1B; TUBB1; TUBB2; TUBB5; tubulin alpha 1b; Tubulin alpha-1B chain; Tubulin alpha-ubiquitous chain; Tubulin beta 1b; Tubulin beta 2A; tubulin beta 2A class IIa; Tubulin beta; tubulin beta chain; tubulin beta class I; tubulin beta-1 chain; tubulin beta-2A chain; tubulin beta-5 chain; Tubulin K-alpha-1; tubulin, alpha, ubiquitous; tubulin, beta 2A class IIa; tubulin, beta polypeptide 2; tubulin, beta polypeptide; tubulin, beta, class IIA; wu:fd02b12; zgc:55461;

Immunogens

Immunogen:

A synthesized peptide derived from human beta Tubulin, corresponding to a region within C-terminal amino acids.

Uniprot:

P07437(TBB5_HUMAN) >>Visit HPA database.

Gene(ID):
TUBB(203068)
Expression:
P07437 TBB5_HUMAN:

Ubiquitously expressed with highest levels in spleen, thymus and immature brain.

Sequence:
MREIVHIQAGQCGNQIGAKFWEVISDEHGIDPTGTYHGDSDLQLDRISVYYNEATGGKYVPRAILVDLEPGTMDSVRSGPFGQIFRPDNFVFGQSGAGNNWAKGHYTEGAELVDSVLDVVRKEAESCDCLQGFQLTHSLGGGTGSGMGTLLISKIREEYPDRIMNTFSVVPSPKVSDTVVEPYNATLSVHQLVENTDETYCIDNEALYDICFRTLKLTTPTYGDLNHLVSATMSGVTTCLRFPGQLNADLRKLAVNMVPFPRLHFFMPGFAPLTSRGSQQYRALTVPELTQQVFDAKNMMAACDPRHGRYLTVAAVFRGRMSMKEVDEQMLNVQNKNSSYFVEWIPNNVKTAVCDIPPRGLKMAVTFIGNSTAIQELFKRISEQFTAMFRRKAFLHWYTGEGMDEMEFTEAESNMNDLVSEYQQYQDATAEEEEDFGEEAEEEA

Research Backgrounds

Function:

Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain.

PTMs:

Some glutamate residues at the C-terminus are polyglutamylated, resulting in polyglutamate chains on the gamma-carboxyl group. Polyglutamylation plays a key role in microtubule severing by spastin (SPAST). SPAST preferentially recognizes and acts on microtubules decorated with short polyglutamate tails: severing activity by SPAST increases as the number of glutamates per tubulin rises from one to eight, but decreases beyond this glutamylation threshold.

Some glutamate residues at the C-terminus are monoglycylated but not polyglycylated due to the absence of functional TTLL10 in human. Monoglycylation is mainly limited to tubulin incorporated into axonemes (cilia and flagella). Both polyglutamylation and monoglycylation can coexist on the same protein on adjacent residues, and lowering glycylation levels increases polyglutamylation, and reciprocally. The precise function of monoglycylation is still unclear (Probable).

Phosphorylated on Ser-172 by CDK1 during the cell cycle, from metaphase to telophase, but not in interphase. This phosphorylation inhibits tubulin incorporation into microtubules.

Subcellular Location:

Cytoplasm>Cytoskeleton.

Extracellular region or secreted Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion Manual annotation Automatic computational assertionSubcellular location
Tissue Specificity:

Ubiquitously expressed with highest levels in spleen, thymus and immature brain.

Family&Domains:

The highly acidic C-terminal region may bind cations such as calcium.

Belongs to the tubulin family.

Research Fields

· Cellular Processes > Transport and catabolism > Phagosome.   (View pathway)

· Cellular Processes > Cellular community - eukaryotes > Gap junction.   (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Bacterial > Pathogenic Escherichia coli infection.

References

1). Glypican-3-targeted macrophages delivering drug-loaded exosomes offer efficient cytotherapy in mouse models of solid tumours. Nature communications, 2024 (PubMed: 39313508) [IF=16.6]
2). Unveiling MiR-3085-3p as a modulator of cartilage degeneration in facet joint osteoarthritis: A novel therapeutic target. Journal of orthopaedic translation, 2025 (PubMed: 39895864) [IF=5.9]
3). IL4I1 in M2-like macrophage promotes glioma progression and is a promising target for immunotherapy. Frontiers in immunology, 2024 (PubMed: 38250074) [IF=5.7]

Application: WB    Species: human    Sample:

Figure 6 IL4I1 is expressed in M2-like macrophages in glioma. (A) Summary of IL4I1 expression in 12 distinct single-cell datasets from glioma patients. (B) Association between IL4I1 and macrophages on XCELL, TIMER, and EPIC algorithms. (C) Association between IL4I1 expression and markers of M1 and M2 macrophages in CGGA and TCGA databases. Color depth and digital scale represent the strength of association. (D) Representative colocalization images from IF staining between IL4I1 and CD206 in clinical glioma specimens. DAPI (blue), IL4I1 (red) and CD206 (green). Scale bar: 20 μm. (E) Measurement of protein and mRNA expression levels for markers (CD11B, CD204, CD86, CD206, and CD163) of THP-1, M0, M1, and M2 macrophages using WB and RT-qPCR. (F) Assessment of IL4I1 expression in various macrophage subtypes (M0, M1, and M2) and glioma cells (U87, LN229, and U251). (G) Representative IF pictures of the difference of IL4I1 among M0, M1, and M2 macrophages, U87, and LN229 cells with DAPI (blue) and IL4I1 (red). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001.
4). The microglial innate immune receptor TREM2 participates in fear memory formation through excessive prelimbic cortical synaptic pruning. Frontiers in immunology, 2024 (PubMed: 39544929) [IF=5.7]

Application: WB    Species: Mouse    Sample:

Figure 5. Ablation of microglia with PLX5622 protects against increased microglial phagocytosis and formation of fear memory. (A) Time course for PLX5622 and AIN-76A administrations and behavior tests. (B) Schematic diagram showing PLX5622 efficacy. (C) Representative confocal images of Iba1 immunostaining (green) of prelimbic microglia of mice with PLX5622 and AIN-76A feeding (scale bars = 100 μm). (D, E) Quantification of Iba1+ cells and Iba1+ area (n = 3 mice, 2 slices per mouse, ***P < 0.001). (F) Percentage of freezing in mice with control or PLX5622 feeding during fear conditioning (n =9 mice, *P < 0.05). (G, H) Percentage of freezing in control or PLX5622 feeding mice during contextual (G) and cued (H) fear memory test (n =9 mice, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01). (I) Representative images of prelimbic c-Fos (red) and CaMKII (green) in mice with PLX5622 and AIN-76A feeding (scale bars = 100 μm [first row]; 20 μm [the other rows]). (J) Number of prelimbic CaMKII and c-Fos double-labeled neurons (n = 3 mice, 2 slices per mouse, *P < 0.05). (K, L) Protein level of prelimbic SYP and PSD95 detected by WB, and quantitative results for mice treated with or without PLX5622 feeding (n = 6 mice, ***P < 0.001). (M) Representative prelimbic neuron dendritic spine density, and dendritic spine density quantification for mice treated with or without PLX5622 feeding (n = 6 mice, 3 dendritic segments per mouse, **P < 0.01, scale bars = 10 μm).
5). The 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Photodynamic Therapy Modulates Lipid Production by Protein Kinase B/JunD-Mediated NR4A1 Activation in the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris. The Journal of investigative dermatology, 2025 (PubMed: 39922453) [IF=5.7]
6). Facilitating microglia M2 polarization alleviates p-Synephrine-induced depressive-like behaviours in CSDS mice via the 5-HT6R-FYN-ERK1/2 pathway. International immunopharmacology, 2024 (PubMed: 39742728) [IF=5.6]
7). Network Pharmacology and In Vitro Experimental Verification Reveal the Mechanism of the Hirudin in Suppressing Myocardial Hypertrophy. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2022 (PubMed: 35784743) [IF=5.6]

Application: WB    Species: Rat    Sample: H9c2 cells

FIGURE 8 H9c2 cells were treated with 1 μM AngII, (0.6, 1.2 mM) hirudin and 10 μM losartan for 24 h, respectively. (A) The expression of STAT3, MAPK1 and IL-6 were analyzed by qRT-PCR, n = 6. (B) The IL-6 in cell supernatant was assayed by ELISA, n = 5. (C) Western blot for the expression of proteins including STAT3, p-STAT3, MAPK1, p-MAPK1 and IL-6. (D) Quantified by western blot analysis and normalized to control, n = 3. Bars represent the mean ± SD, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.
8). Buyang Huanwu Decoction improves synaptic plasticity of ischemic stroke by regulating the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 2024 (PubMed: 39089658) [IF=4.8]
9). TMT-based quantitative proteomics analysis of neuroprotective effects of Forsythoside A on the MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease mouse model. Experimental neurology, 2024 (PubMed: 38056584) [IF=4.6]
10). Expression of Retinal G Protein-Coupled Receptor, a Member of the Opsin Family, in Human Skin Cells and Its Mediation of the Cellular Functions of Keratinocytes. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 2022 (PubMed: 35445026) [IF=4.6]
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