CD68 Antibody - #DF7518

Fig. 3 RBA-NPs display targeting capability in vivo. a Confocal micrographs showed that CD44 receptor (green) and folate receptor (green) expression levels on macrophages in the inflamed joints of AIA rats. Macrophages were marked by CD68 antibody (red). Cell nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar = 50 μm. b, c Confocal micrographs showed co-localization of free DiD and DiD-NPs with CD44 receptor and folate receptor in the inflamed joints of AIA rats. Free DiD and DiD-NPs were colored red. CD44 receptor and folate receptor were colored green. Cell nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar = 50 μm. n = 5 independent animals. d The imaging of DiD fluorescence in joints after intravenous administrated with free DiD or DiD-NPs at different time points after administration. n = 5 independent animals. The DiD-NPs group showed higher fluorescence intensity at each time point, and fluorescence persisted as long as 48 h. e The distribution of DiD-NPs in heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and joints in AIA rats were evaluated at 6, 12 and 24 h after administration. n = 5 independent animals. The fluorescence intensities were stronger in inflamed joints

Fig. 5. Chondrocyte apoptosis and immune molecular biomarkers were inhibited by BBR binding to SP-D in vivo in OA. OA model rats (n = 5/group) were injected using 25 μl of 200 μM BBR, followed by 25 μl rhSP-D (40 μg/mL) 1 day later. Sham-operated and OA-induction groups received an injection of 50 μl PBS into the right knee joint. For rats receiving rAAV-GFP or rAAV-SP-D shRNA, injections were performed for 10 consecutive days beginning 1 day after the initial BBR injection. At 10 weeks post-surgery, animals were sacrificed and the knee joints were collected for TUNEL and IHC analysis. (A) TUNEL staining (400 ×) was used to assess apoptosis. The p-p65, TLR4, F4/80, CD68, and CD34 expression was assessed via IHC (400 × with higher 800 × magnification inset). (B) Quantification of the indicated proteins in IHC images. Each column represents the mean ± SEM (n = 5). ***P < 0.001 versus the sham-operated group; ##P < 0.01 and ###P < 0.001 versus the OA-induction group; &P < 0.05 and &&P < 0.01 versus the OA + BBR group.

FIGURE 1|M2 macrophage infiltration and IL-33 production are enhanced with close correlation in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). A, Representative images of IL-33+ cell, CD206+ cell and CD68+ cell in non-tumour and tumour tissue (scale bar = 50 μm).

Fig. 2: Single-cell RNA-seq analysis reveals disease-specific macrophage subpopulations in FHP lungs.A t-SNE visualization of ten macrophage subclusters. B Relative percentage of sample origins across macrophage subclusters. C t-SNE visualization of FN1high macrophages, PLA2G7high macrophages, MS4A6Ahigh macrophages, and other macrophages. D Multiplex immunofluorescence images of CD68, PLA2G7, and MS4A6A in lung tissues from the patient with FHP. Scale bar = 10 μm. White arrow, CD68+ MS4A6A+ cells(upper)/CD68+ PLA2G7+ cells(lower). E AUCell analysis of the relative gene set enrichment scores in Inflammatory response signature. F Scatter plot showing the correlation between M1 and M2 marker gene expression. G, H AUCell analyses of the relative gene set enrichment scores in M1 (G) and M2 (H) macrophage signatures. The t-SNE maps showing AUC scores of selected gene signatures (left); the box plots showing AUC scores of selected gene signatures in each cell type (middle) or sample group (right). I Trajectory analysis of FN1high macrophages, PLA2G7high macrophages, MS4A6Ahigh macrophages and other macrophages using Monocle 2. J STAT1 motif showed greater enrichment of regulon activity for PLA2G7high and MS4A6Ahigh macrophages using SCENIC analysis. K t-SNE visualization of AUC values of STAT1 motif in macrophages. L Schematic developmental trajectories of macrophage subpopulations in FHP lungs. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001.

FIGURE 3 | M1 macrophage polarization detection in mesenteric lymph nodes. (A) Mesenteric lymph nodes were harvested from the Sham-operated, SAE, and FMT-challenged SAE rats. Protein expression of CD80, CD68, CD206, and CD163 as determined by WB in the mesenteric lymph nodes from different rats.