PPP1CA/PPP1CB Antibody - #DF2954

Protein phosphatase that associates with over 200 regulatory proteins to form highly specific holoenzymes which dephosphorylate hundreds of biological targets. Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is essential for cell division, and participates in the regulation of glycogen metabolism, muscle contractility and protein synthesis. Involved in regulation of ionic conductances and long-term synaptic plasticity. May play an important role in dephosphorylating substrates such as the postsynaptic density-associated Ca(2+)/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II. Component of the PTW/PP1 phosphatase complex, which plays a role in the control of chromatin structure and cell cycle progression during the transition from mitosis into interphase. Regulates NEK2 function in terms of kinase activity and centrosome number and splitting, both in the presence and absence of radiation-induced DNA damage. Regulator of neural tube and optic fissure closure, and enteric neural crest cell (ENCCs) migration during development. In balance with CSNK1D and CSNK1E, determines the circadian period length, through the regulation of the speed and rhythmicity of PER1 and PER2 phosphorylation. May dephosphorylate CSNK1D and CSNK1E. Dephosphorylates the 'Ser-418' residue of FOXP3 in regulatory T-cells (Treg) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, thereby inactivating FOXP3 and rendering Treg cells functionally defective. Dephosphorylates CENPA. Dephosphorylates the 'Ser-139' residue of ATG16L1 causing dissociation of ATG12-ATG5-ATG16L1 complex, thereby inhibiting autophagy.

(Microbial infection) Necessary for alphaviruses replication.

Phosphorylated. Dephosphorylated at Thr-320 in the presence of ionizing radiation.

Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Nucleus>Nucleoplasm. Nucleus>Nucleolus.
Note: Primarily nuclear and largely excluded from the nucleolus. Highly mobile in cells and can be relocalized through interaction with targeting subunits. NOM1 plays a role in targeting this protein to the nucleolus. In the presence of PPP1R8 relocalizes from the nucleus to nuclear speckles. Shuttles toward the cytosol during infection with VEEV (PubMed:29769351).

PP1 comprises a catalytic subunit, PPP1CA, PPP1CB or PPP1CC, which is folded into its native form by inhibitor 2 and glycogen synthetase kinase 3, and then complexed to one or several targeting or regulatory subunits. PPP1R12A, PPP1R12B and PPP1R12C mediate binding to myosin. PPP1R3A (in skeletal muscle), PPP1R3B (in liver), PPP1R3C, PPP1R3D and PPP1R3F (in brain) mediate binding to glycogen. Interacts with PPP1R39 (By similarity). Interacts with BTBD10 (By similarity). Interacts with KCTD20 (By similarity). Interacts with PPP1R9A and PPP1R9B. Part of a complex containing PPP1R15B, PP1 and NCK1/2. Interacts with PHACTR4; which acts as an activator of PP1 activity (By similarity). Interacts with PPP1R15A and PPP1R15B; the interactions mediate binding to EIF2S1. Interacts with PPP1R7. Interacts with YLPM1. Forms a complex with ILF2, ILF3, YLPM1, KHDRBS1, RBMX and NCOA5. Interacts with NOM1 and PPP1R8. Interacts with PPP1R16B. Interacts with RPSA only in the presence of PPP1R16B. Component of the PTW/PP1 phosphatase complex, composed of PPP1R10/PNUTS, TOX4, WDR82, and PPP1CA or PPP1CB or PPP1CC. Interacts with PPP1R10/PNUTS and PPP1R8. Interacts with WDR82 in the presence of PPP1R10/PNUTS. Interacts with TRIM28; the interaction dephosphorylates TRIM28 on 'Ser-824' and forms a complex at the p21 promoter site. Interacts with isoform 1 and isoform 4 of NEK2. Interacts with FER; this promotes phosphorylation at Thr-320. Interacts with DAB2; the interaction is mutually exclusive with the AXIN1:PPP1CA interaction. Interacts with FOXP3. Interacts with CENPA. Interacts with ATG16L1. Found in a complex with PPP1CA, PPP1CC, SHC1 and PEAK1.

(Microbial infection) Interacts with HHV-1 ICP34.5.

(Microbial infection) Interacts with Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) capsid protein; this interaction dephosphorylates the capsid protein, which increases its ability to bind to the viral genome.

Belongs to the PPP phosphatase family. PP-1 subfamily.