Phospho-Annexin A1 (Tyr21) Antibody - #AF8240

Plays important roles in the innate immune response as effector of glucocorticoid-mediated responses and regulator of the inflammatory process. Has anti-inflammatory activity. Plays a role in glucocorticoid-mediated down-regulation of the early phase of the inflammatory response (By similarity). Promotes resolution of inflammation and wound healing. Functions at least in part by activating the formyl peptide receptors and downstream signaling cascades. Promotes chemotaxis of granulocytes and monocytes via activation of the formyl peptide receptors. Contributes to the adaptive immune response by enhancing signaling cascades that are triggered by T-cell activation, regulates differentiation and proliferation of activated T-cells. Promotes the differentiation of T-cells into Th1 cells and negatively regulates differentiation into Th2 cells. Has no effect on unstimulated T cells. Promotes rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton, cell polarization and cell migration. Negatively regulates hormone exocytosis via activation of the formyl peptide receptors and reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Has high affinity for Ca(2+) and can bind up to eight Ca(2+) ions (By similarity). Displays Ca(2+)-dependent binding to phospholipid membranes. Plays a role in the formation of phagocytic cups and phagosomes. Plays a role in phagocytosis by mediating the Ca(2+)-dependent interaction between phagosomes and the actin cytoskeleton (By similarity).

Phosphorylated by protein kinase C, EGFR and TRPM7. Phosphorylated in response to EGF treatment.

Sumoylated.

Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Cell projection>Cilium. Cell membrane. Membrane>Peripheral membrane protein. Endosome membrane>Peripheral membrane protein. Basolateral cell membrane. Apical cell membrane. Lateral cell membrane. Secreted. Secreted>Extracellular space. Cell membrane>Peripheral membrane protein>Extracellular side. Secreted>Extracellular exosome. Cytoplasmic vesicle>Secretory vesicle lumen. Cell projection>Phagocytic cup. Early endosome. Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane>Peripheral membrane protein.
Note: Secreted, at least in part via exosomes and other secretory vesicles. Detected in exosomes and other extracellular vesicles (PubMed:25664854). Detected in gelatinase granules in resting neutrophils (PubMed:10772777). Secretion is increased in response to wounding and inflammation (PubMed:25664854). Secretion is increased upon T-cell activation (PubMed:17008549). Neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells stimulates secretion via gelatinase granules, but foreign particle phagocytosis has no effect (PubMed:10772777). Colocalizes with actin fibers at phagocytic cups (By similarity). Displays calcium-dependent binding to phospholipid membranes (PubMed:2532504, PubMed:8557678).

Detected in resting neutrophils. Detected in peripheral blood T-cells. Detected in extracellular vesicles in blood serum from patients with inflammatory bowel disease, but not in serum from healthy donors. Detected in placenta (at protein level). Detected in liver.

Homodimer; non-covalently linked (By similarity). Homodimer; linked by transglutamylation. Homodimers linked by transglutamylation are observed in placenta, but not in other tissues. Interacts with S100A11. Heterotetramer, formed by two molecules each of S100A11 and ANXA1. Interacts with DYSF (By similarity). Interacts with EGFR (By similarity).

The full-length protein can bind eight Ca(2+) ions via the annexin repeats. Calcium binding causes a major conformation change that modifies dimer contacts and leads to surface exposure of the N-terminal phosphorylation sites; in the absence of Ca(2+), these sites are buried in the interior of the protein core. The N-terminal region becomes disordered in response to calcium-binding.

The N-terminal 26 amino acids are sufficient for its extracellular functions in the regulation of inflammation and wound healing (PubMed:25664854). Acylated peptides that contain the first 26 amino acids of the mature protein can activate signaling via the formyl peptide receptors (PubMed:15187149, PubMed:25664854).

Belongs to the annexin family.