GAPDH Antibody - AF7021
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- Product Name
- GAPDH Antibody
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- Catalog No.
- AF7021
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- Source
- Rabbit
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- Application
- WB,IHC,IF/ICC,ELISA
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- Reactivity:
- Human, Mouse, Rat, Pig, Bovine, Goat, Monkey, Chicken
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- Prediction:
- Horse(100%), Sheep(100%), Rabbit(100%), Dog(100%), Xenopus(90%)
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- UniProt
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- Mol.Wt.
- 37kDa
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- Concentration
- 1mg/ml
Product Information
Alternative Names:Expand▼
GAPDH, A1 40 kd subunit, Activator 1 40 kd subunit, G3PD, GAPD, G3pdh, Rfc40, Rf-c 40 kd subunit
Applications:
WB 1:3000-1:30000, IHC 1:200, IF/ICC 1:200, ELISA(peptide) 1:20000-1:40000
Reactivity:
Human, Mouse, Rat, Pig, Bovine, Goat, Monkey, Chicken
Predicted Reactivity:
Horse(100%), Sheep(100%), Rabbit(100%), Dog(100%), Xenopus(90%)
Source:
Rabbit
Clonality:
Polyclonal
Purification:
The antiserum was purified by peptide affinity chromatography using SulfoLink™ Coupling Resin (Thermo Fisher Scientific).
Specificity:
GAPDH antibody detects endogenous levels of total GAPDH.
Format:
Liquid
Concentration:
1mg/ml
Storage Condition and Buffer:
Rabbit IgG in phosphate buffered saline , pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol.Store at -20 °C.Stable for 12 months from date of receipt.
Immunogen Information
Immunogen:
A synthesized peptide derived from human GAPDH.
Uniprot:
>>Visit The Human Protein Atlas
Gene id:
Molecular Weight:
Observed Mol.Wt.: 37kDa.
Predicted Mol.Wt.: 37kDa.
Subcellular Location:
Cytoplasm > cytosol. Nucleus. Cytoplasm > perinuclear region. Membrane. Translocates to the nucleus following S-nitrosylation and interaction with SIAH1, which contains a nuclear localization signal (By similarity). Postnuclear and Perinuclear regions.
Description:
Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) iswell known as one of the key enzymes involved in glycolysis.As well as functioning as a glycolytic enzyme in cytoplasm,recent evidence suggests that mammalian GAPDHis also involved in a great number of intracellular procesessuch as membrane fusion, microtubule bundling, phosphotransferaseactivity, nuclear RNA export, DNA replication,and DNA repair.
Sequence:
10 20 30 40 50
MGKVKVGVNG FGRIGRLVTR AAFNSGKVDI VAINDPFIDL NYMVYMFQYD
60 70 80 90 100
STHGKFHGTV KAENGKLVIN GNPITIFQER DPSKIKWGDA GAEYVVESTG
110 120 130 140 150
VFTTMEKAGA HLQGGAKRVI ISAPSADAPM FVMGVNHEKY DNSLKIISNA
160 170 180 190 200
SCTTNCLAPL AKVIHDNFGI VEGLMTTVHA ITATQKTVDG PSGKLWRDGR
210 220 230 240 250
GALQNIIPAS TGAAKAVGKV IPELNGKLTG MAFRVPTANV SVVDLTCRLE
260 270 280 290 300
KPAKYDDIKK VVKQASEGPL KGILGYTEHQ VVSSDFNSDT HSSTFDAGAG
310 320 330
IALNDHFVKL ISWYDNEFGY SNRVVDLMAH MASKE
Background
Function:
Has both glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and nitrosylase activities, thereby playing a role in glycolysis and nuclear functions, respectively. Participates in nuclear events including transcription, RNA transport, DNA replication and apoptosis. Nuclear functions are probably due to the nitrosylase activity that mediates cysteine S-nitrosylation of nuclear target proteins such as SIRT1, HDAC2 and PRKDC. Modulates the organization and assembly of the cytoskeleton. Facilitates the CHP1-dependent microtubule and membrane associations through its ability to stimulate the binding of CHP1 to microtubules (By similarity). Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is a key enzyme in glycolysis that catalyzes the first step of the pathway by converting D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) into 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate. Component of the GAIT (gamma interferon-activated inhibitor of translation) complex which mediates interferon-gamma-induced transcript-selective translation inhibition in inflammation processes. Upon interferon-gamma treatment assembles into the GAIT complex which binds to stem loop-containing GAIT elements in the 3'-UTR of diverse inflammatory mRNAs (such as ceruplasmin) and suppresses their translation.
Post-translational Modifications:
S-nitrosylation of Cys-152 leads to interaction with SIAH1, followed by translocation to the nucleus (By similarity). S-nitrosylation of Cys-247 is induced by interferon-gamma and LDL(ox) implicating the iNOS-S100A8/9 transnitrosylase complex and seems to prevent interaction with phosphorylated RPL13A and to interfere with GAIT complex activity.ISGylated.Sulfhydration at Cys-152 increases catalytic activity.Oxidative stress can promote the formation of high molecular weight disulfide-linked GAPDH aggregates, through a process called nucleocytoplasmic coagulation. Such aggregates can be observed in vivo in the affected tissues of patients with Alzheimer disease or alcoholic liver cirrhosis, or in cell cultures during necrosis. Oxidation at Met-46 may play a pivotal role in the formation of these insoluble structures. This modification has been detected in vitro following treatment with free radical donor (+/-)-(E)-4-ethyl-2-[(E)-hydroxyimino]-5-nitro-3-hexenamide. It has been proposed to destabilize nearby residues, increasing the likelihood of secondary oxidative damages, including oxidation of Tyr-45 and Met-105. This cascade of oxidations may augment GAPDH misfolding, leading to intermolecular disulfide cross-linking and aggregation.
Subcellular Location:
Nucleus;Cytosol;Cytoskeleton;
Subunit Structure:
Homotetramer. Interacts with TPPP; the interaction is direct. Interacts (when S-nitrosylated) with SIAH1; leading to nuclear translocation. Interacts with RILPL1/GOSPEL, leading to prevent the interaction between GAPDH and SIAH1 and prevent nuclear translocation. Interacts with CHP1; the interaction increases the binding of CHP1 with microtubules. Associates with microtubules (By similarity). Interacts with EIF1AD, USP25, PRKCI and WARS. Interacts with phosphorylated RPL13A; inhibited by oxidatively-modified low-densitity lipoprotein (LDL(ox)). Component of the GAIT complex. Interacts with FKBP6; leading to inhibit GAPDH catalytic activity.
Similarity:
The [IL]-x-C-x-x-[DE] motif is a proposed target motif for cysteine S-nitrosylation mediated by the iNOS-S100A8/A9 transnitrosylase complex.Belongs to the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family.
Research Fields
Research Fields:
· Environmental Information Processing > Signal transduction > HIF-1 signaling pathway.(View pathway)
· Human Diseases > Neurodegenerative diseases > Alzheimer's disease.
· Metabolism > Global and overview maps > Biosynthesis of amino acids.
· Metabolism > Global and overview maps > Carbon metabolism.
· Metabolism > Carbohydrate metabolism > Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis.
· Metabolism > Global and overview maps > Metabolic pathways.
Protocols & Troubleshooting
WB Images(2)
IHC Images(2)
IF/ICC Images(1)
Reference Citations:
Application: WB Species:human; Sample:Not available
Figure 5. LXA4 pretreatment downregulates the LPS-induced secretion and expression of HMGB1 in keratinocytes. NHEKs were stimulated with LPS (10μg/ml) with and without preincubation with LXA4 (100nmol/l) for 30minutes. (A) Western blot analysis shows specifc bands for the expression of nuclear and cytoplasmic HMGB1 in NHEKs. Full-length blots are presented in Suppl.
Application: WB Species:Not available; Sample:Not available
Application: WB Species:human; Sample:Not available
FIGURE 4. Knockdown of HIF-1α interferes with hypoxia-induced autophagy in HESCs. (A) Representative western blots of HIF-1α, Beclin1 and LC3 protein in HESCs transfected with scrambled control siRNA or HIF- 1α specific siRNA in the presence or absence of hypoxia. (B) The protein expression levels were quantified by Image J software and normalized to GAPDH protein levels. The data are presented as the means ± SD from at least three independent experiments (*p<0.05;**p<0.01; ***p
Application: WB Species:human; Sample:SW480
Application: WB Species:human; Sample:human
Fig. 2. Transfection and reagents influenced the expression of ephrin-B2 in EPCs.
Application: WB Species:Not available; Sample:Not available
Application: WB Species:human; Sample:H1299 cells
Figure 6. miR-150 suppresses CDK3 expression in lung cancer compared cells. SPC1and H1299 cells were transfected with miR-150 mimics and mimics NC for forty-eight hours, respectively. A. Western blot of CDK3 in SPC1and H1299 cells. B. qRT-PCR analysis of miR-150 in SPC1and H1299 cells. C. qRT-PCR analysis of CDK3 mRNA in SPC1and H1299 cells. Data are the means ± SEM of three independent experiments. *p<0.05, **p
Application: WB Species:human; Sample:NSCLC cells
Figure 1. Expression of EYA2 in NSCLC cells. (A) Western blot analysis. (B) EYA2 protein expression was significantly upregulated 3.2‑fold in the A549 cells compared to the BEAS-2B cells, but had no obvious change in the H661 and SKMES1 cells. (C) mRNA level of EYA2 exhibited a 2.1-fold upregulation in the A549 cells compared to the BEAS-2B cells. The groups were obtained from different parts of the same gel. * P
Application: WB Species:human; Sample:HepG2
Figure 4. Effects of different concentrations of AG014699 and BSI‑201 on protein levels of Caspase 3, Caspase 8, Bax and Bcl‑2 in HepG2 cells.(A) Blots showing proteins in cells treated with AGO14699 and (B) quantification. (C) Blots showing proteins in cells treated with (C) BSI‑201 and (D) quantification. * P<0.05, compared with the control group; ∆P<0.05, compared with the low dose group; ∆∆P<0.05, compared with the middle dose group. CTRL, control; Bcl‑2, B‑cell lymphoma 2; BAX, Bcl‑2‑associated X protein.
Application: WB Species:Not available; Sample:Not available
Figure 8: Ectopic expression of miR-326 promotes apoptosis in A549 and SPC-A-1 cells. (C) Western-blot of Bcl2 protein in A549 and SPC-A-1 cells after transfection.
Application: WB Species:human; Sample:human gastric cancer
Fig. 2. FOXQ1 is a direct target of miR-1271. (A) TargetScan (www.targetscan. org) and miRanda (www. microRNA.org) showed that FOXQ1 was a direct target of miR-1271. (B) The luciferase reporter assay showed that FOXQ1 could be targeted by miR-1271 in MGC- 803 and SGC-7901 cells. (C) The qPCR and western blot analyses showed that miR-1271 mimics could inhibit the mRNA and protein expression of FOXQ1 in MGC-803 cells, whereas the miR-1271 inhibitor could increase the mRNA and protein expression of FOXQ1 in SGC-7901 cells. Three independent experiments were conducted. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.
Application: WB Species:Not available; Sample:Not available
Figure 3 Comparison of the expression levels of HTR1As and NR2B in bilateral insular cortexes among three groups. The mRNA and protein expression levels of HTR1As (A and C) and NR2B (B and D) in bilateral insular cortexes were compared among WAS, sham WAS and normal control groups. (E) and (F): Representative immunoblots from the bilateral insular cortexes show the expression of NR2B, 5HTR1A and GAPDH, with an indication of size (kilodaltons, kDa). *represented that the difference was significant, p < 0.05. WAS, water avoidance stress.
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Catalog Number :
AF7021-BP
(Blocking peptide available as AF7021-BP)
Price/Size :
$200/1mg.
Tips: For phospho antibody, we provide phospho peptide（0.5mg) and non-phospho peptide(0.5mg).
Function :
Blocking peptides are peptides that bind specifically to the target antibody and block antibody binding. These peptide usually contains the epitope recognized by the antibody. Antibodies bound to the blocking peptide no longer bind to the epitope on the target protein. This mechanism is useful when non-specific binding is an issue, for example, in Western blotting (immunoblot) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). By comparing the staining from the blocked antibody versus the antibody alone, one can see which staining is specific; Specific binding will be absent from the western blot or immunostaining performed with the neutralized antibody.
Format and storage :
Synthetic peptide was lyophilized with 100% acetonitrile and is supplied as a powder. Reconstitute with 0.1 ml DI water for a final concentration of 10 mg/ml.The purity is >90%,tested by HPLC and MS.Storage Maintain refrigerated at 2-8°C for up to 6 months. For long term storage store at -20°C.
Precautions :
This product is for research use only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.
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