beta-Tubulin Antibody [AFfirm039] - T0023

	Price	Size
	$150	50ul
	$250	100ul
	$350	200ul
	$1200	1ml

Product Information

Alternative Names:Expand▼

TUBB3, CDCBM, Beta III Tubulin, Class III beta-tubulin, TUBB4, Tubulin, beta 3, Tubulin beta-III, Tubulin beta-3 chain, Tubulin beta-4 chain, Tubulin, beta 3 class III, CFEOM3A

Applications:

WB: 1:10000-1:500000, IHC: 1:200, IF/ICC: 1:200
*The optimal dilutions should be determined by the end user.

Reactivity:

Human, Mouse, Rat, Sheep, Rabbit, Dog, Monkey, Hamster, Chicken

Source:

Mouse

Clonality:

Monoclonal

Clone Number:

AFfirm039

Purification:

Affinity-chromatography.

Specificity:

beta-Tubulin Mouse Monoclonal antibody detects endogenous levels of total beta-Tubulin protein.

RRID:

AB_2813772
Please cite this product as: Affinity Biosciences Cat# T0023, RRID:AB_2813772.

Format:

Liquid

Concentration:

1mg/ml

Storage Condition and Buffer:

Mouse IgG1 in phosphate buffered saline (without Mg2+ and Ca2+), pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl.

Immunogen Information

Immunogen:

Full-length beta-tubulin protein of human.

Uniprot:

>>Visit The Human Protein Atlas

Gene ID:

Gene Name:

TUBB

Molecular Weight:

Observed Mol.Wt.: 55kD.
Predicted Mol.Wt.: 50kDa(Calculated)..

Subcellular Location:

Cytoplasm > cytoskeleton.

Tissue Specificity:

P07437 TBB5_HUMAN:
Ubiquitously expressed with highest levels in spleen, thymus and immature brain.

Description:

Microtubules are constituent parts of the mitotic apparatus, cilia, flagella, and elements of the cytoskeleton. They consist principally of 2 soluble proteins, alpha- and beta-tubulin, each of about 55,000 kDa. Antibodies against beta Tubulin are useful as loading controls for Western Blotting. However it should be noted that levels of beta-Tubulin may not be stable in certain cells. For example, expression of beta-Tubulin in adipose tissue is very low and therefore beta-Tubulin should not be used as loading control for these tissues.

Sequence:

P07437 TBB5_HUMAN:
Protein BLAST With
NCBI/
ExPASy/
Uniprot

MREIVHIQAGQCGNQIGAKFWEVISDEHGIDPTGTYHGDSDLQLDRISVYYNEATGGKYVPRAILVDLEPGTMDSVRSGPFGQIFRPDNFVFGQSGAGNNWAKGHYTEGAELVDSVLDVVRKEAESCDCLQGFQLTHSLGGGTGSGMGTLLISKIREEYPDRIMNTFSVVPSPKVSDTVVEPYNATLSVHQLVENTDETYCIDNEALYDICFRTLKLTTPTYGDLNHLVSATMSGVTTCLRFPGQLNADLRKLAVNMVPFPRLHFFMPGFAPLTSRGSQQYRALTVPELTQQVFDAKNMMAACDPRHGRYLTVAAVFRGRMSMKEVDEQMLNVQNKNSSYFVEWIPNNVKTAVCDIPPRGLKMAVTFIGNSTAIQELFKRISEQFTAMFRRKAFLHWYTGEGMDEMEFTEAESNMNDLVSEYQQYQDATAEEEEDFGEEAEEEA

Research Background

P07437_TBB5_HUMAN

Function:

Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain.

Post-translational Modifications:

Some glutamate residues at the C-terminus are polyglutamylated, resulting in polyglutamate chains on the gamma-carboxyl group. Polyglutamylation plays a key role in microtubule severing by spastin (SPAST). SPAST preferentially recognizes and acts on microtubules decorated with short polyglutamate tails: severing activity by SPAST increases as the number of glutamates per tubulin rises from one to eight, but decreases beyond this glutamylation threshold.

Some glutamate residues at the C-terminus are monoglycylated but not polyglycylated due to the absence of functional TTLL10 in human. Monoglycylation is mainly limited to tubulin incorporated into axonemes (cilia and flagella). Both polyglutamylation and monoglycylation can coexist on the same protein on adjacent residues, and lowering glycylation levels increases polyglutamylation, and reciprocally. The precise function of monoglycylation is still unclear (Probable).

Phosphorylated on Ser-172 by CDK1 during the cell cycle, from metaphase to telophase, but not in interphase. This phosphorylation inhibits tubulin incorporation into microtubules.

Subcellular Location:

Cytoplasm>Cytoskeleton.

Tissue Specificity:

Ubiquitously expressed with highest levels in spleen, thymus and immature brain.

Subunit Structure:

Heterodimer of alpha and beta chains. A typical microtubule is a hollow water-filled tube with an outer diameter of 25 nm and an inner diameter of 15 nM. Alpha-beta heterodimers associate head-to-tail to form protofilaments running lengthwise along the microtubule wall with the beta-tubulin subunit facing the microtubule plus end conferring a structural polarity. Microtubules usually have 13 protofilaments but different protofilament numbers can be found in some organisms and specialized cells. Interacts with PIFO. Interacts with DIAPH1. Interacts with MX1 (By similarity). May interact with RNABP10 (By similarity). Interacts with CFAP157 (By similarity).

Similarity:

The highly acidic C-terminal region may bind cations such as calcium.

Belongs to the tubulin family.

Research Fields

Research Fields:

· Cellular Processes > Transport and catabolism > Phagosome.(View pathway)
· Cellular Processes > Cellular community - eukaryotes > Gap junction.(View pathway)
· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Bacterial > Pathogenic Escherichia coli infection.

Reference Citations:

1). Zheng JM et al. MagT1 regulated the odontogenic differentiation of BMMSCs induced byTGC-CM via ERK signaling pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019 Jan 31;10(1):48 (PubMed: 30704530) [IF=5.116]

2). Xie Q et al. Treadmill exercise ameliorates focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced neurological deficit by promoting dendritic modification and synaptic plasticity via upregulating caveolin-1/VEGF signaling pathways. Exp Neurol 2018 Dec 12 (PubMed: 30552877) [IF=4.691]

3). Lu W et al. ApoE deficiency promotes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice via impeding AMPK/mTOR mediated autophagy. Life Sci 2020 Apr 15;252:117601 (PubMed: 32304762) [IF=3.647]

4). Ma X et al. Covalent CDK7 Inhibitor THZ1 Inhibits Myogenic Differentiation. J Cancer 2018 Aug 6;9(17):3149-3155 (PubMed: 30210638) [IF=3.565]

5). Deng H et al. Protective effect of Ac-SDKP on alveolar epithelial cells through inhibition of EMT via TGF-β1/ROCK1 pathway in silicosis in rat. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016 Mar 1;294:1-10 (PubMed: 26785300) [IF=3.347]

Application: WB Species:rat; Sample:rat

6). Luo Z;Lin J;Sun Y;Wang C;Chen J; et al. Bone Marrow Stromal Cell-Derived Exosomes promote muscle healing following contusion through macrophage polarization. Stem Cells Dev 2020 Dec 15. (PubMed: 33323007) [IF=3.082]

7). Wang Y;Liu Y;Liu J;Kang R;Tang D; et al. NEDD4L-mediated LTF protein degradation limits ferroptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020 Aug 15;S0006-291X(20)31419-4. (PubMed: 32811647)

8). Xiao J;Chen X;Lu X;Xie M;He B;He S;You S;Chen Q; et al. Progesterone/Org inhibits lung adenocarcinoma cell growth via membrane progesterone receptor alpha. Thorac Cancer 2020 Jun 11. (PubMed: 32529777)

9). Zhang Y et al. Neferine in the Lotus Plumule Potentiates the Antitumor Effect of Imatinib in Primary Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells In Vitro. J Food Sci 2019 Mar 13 (PubMed: 30866043)

10). Xia Q;Ling X;Wang Z;Shen T;Chen M;Mao D;Ma X;Ning J;Zhang H;Chen D;Gu Q;Shen H;Yan J; et al. Flavonoids Sophoranone Promotes Differentiation of C2C12 and Extraocular Muscle Satellite Cells. Ophthalmic Res 2020 Apr 28. (PubMed: 32344402)

11). Zhang W et al. MicroRNA-124 expression in the brains of rats during early cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury is associated with cell apoptosis involving STAT3. Exp Ther Med 2019 Apr;17(4):2870-2876 (PubMed: 30906474)

12). Zhang W et al. MicroRNA-124 expression in the brains of rats during early cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury is associated with cell apoptosis involving STAT3. Exp Ther Med 2019 Apr;17(4):2870-2876 (PubMed: 30906474)

13). Sun H;Li JJ;Feng ZR;Liu HY;Meng AG; et al. MicroRNA‑124 regulates cell pyroptosis during cerebral ischemia‑reperfusion injury by regulating STAT3. Exp Ther Med 2020 Dec;20(6):227. (PubMed: 33193841)

14). Fan L;Chen L;Liang Z;Bao H;Wang D;Dong Y;Zheng S;Xiao C;Du J;Li H; et al. A Polysaccharide Extract from Maitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom, Grifola frondosa (Agaricomycetes) Ameliorates Learning and Memory Function in Aluminum Chloride-Induced Amnesia in Mice. Int J Med Mushrooms 2019;21(11):1065-1074. (PubMed: 32450016)

15). Yingying X et al. The Effect of SIN1 and Microtubules on Insulin Induced PKC ζ Activation. Med Sci Monit 2017 Jul 28;23:3666-3672 (PubMed: 28751630)

Application: WB Species:human; Sample:Not available

Figure 4. Microtubule involved in PKC z activation. (A) In resting condition, co-immunoprecipitation of PKC z in Scr and siSIN1 cells lysis buﬀer, and the expression of b-tubulin was measured by western blotting. Nonimmune IgG was used as a control. (B) SIN1 and b-tubulin co-IP with PKC z antibody at diﬀerent intervals stimulated by 100 nmol/L insulin. (C) After being treated with 10 nM PTX and 10 μM NDZ for four hours, membrane translocation of PKC z induced by insulin was tested. (D) After being treated by 10 nM PTX and 10 μM NDZ, phosphorylation of PKC z and downstream coflin induced by insulin was measured. (E) The relationship of microtubules with PKC z was tested by confocal microscopy before and after 100 nmol/L insulin stimulation.

16). et al. Ellagic Acid Attenuates BLM-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis via Inhibiting Wnt Signaling Pathway.

17). Wang F;Zhang QB;Zhou Y;Liu AY;Huang PP;Liu Y; et al. Effect of ultrashort wave treatment on joint dysfunction and muscle atrophy in a rabbit model of extending knee joint contracture: Enhanced expression of myogenic differentiation. Knee 2020 Jun;27(3):795-802. (PubMed: 32201041)

18). et al. Cdk5-Mediated Drp1 Phosphorylation Drives Mitochondrial Defects and Neuronal Apoptosis in Radiation-Induced Optic Neuropathy.

19). et al. The inverse relationship between fibronectin and neuroligins in the embryonic rat colon.

20). et al. CD90 affects the biological behavior and energy metabolism level of gastric cancer cells by targeting the PI3K/AKT/HIF‑1α signaling pathway.

21). et al. Free CA125 promotes ovarian cancer cell migration and tumor metastasis by binding Mesothelin to reduce DKK1 expression and activate the SGK3/FOXO3 pathway.

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Catalog Number :

T0023-BP
(Blocking peptide available as T0023-BP)

Price/Size :

$350/1mg.
Tips: For phospho antibody, we provide phospho peptide（0.5mg) and non-phospho peptide(0.5mg).

Function :

Blocking peptides are peptides that bind specifically to the target antibody and block antibody binding. These peptide usually contains the epitope recognized by the antibody. Antibodies bound to the blocking peptide no longer bind to the epitope on the target protein. This mechanism is useful when non-specific binding is an issue, for example, in Western blotting (immunoblot) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). By comparing the staining from the blocked antibody versus the antibody alone, one can see which staining is specific; Specific binding will be absent from the western blot or immunostaining performed with the neutralized antibody.

Format and storage :

Synthetic peptide was lyophilized with 100% acetonitrile and is supplied as a powder. Reconstitute with 0.1 ml DI water for a final concentration of 10 mg/ml.The purity is >90%,tested by HPLC and MS.Storage Maintain refrigerated at 2-8°C for up to 6 months. For long term storage store at -20°C.

Precautions :

This product is for research use only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.

P07437 as Substrate

P07437

Site	PTM Type	Enzyme	Source
R2	Methylation		Uniprot
C12	S-Nitrosylation		Uniprot
K19	Acetylation		Uniprot
K19	Methylation		Uniprot
K19	Ubiquitination		Uniprot
S25	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
T33	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
T35	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
Y36	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
S40	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
R46	Methylation		Uniprot
S48	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
Y50	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
Y51	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
T55	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
K58	Acetylation		Uniprot
K58	Methylation		Uniprot
K58	Sumoylation		Uniprot
K58	Ubiquitination		Uniprot
Y59	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
T72	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
S75	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
S78	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
S95	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
K103	Acetylation		Uniprot
K103	Sumoylation		Uniprot
K103	Ubiquitination		Uniprot
Y106	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
T107	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
S115	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
K122	Ubiquitination		Uniprot
S126	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
T136	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
S138	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
T143	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
S145	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
T149	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
S153	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
K154	Ubiquitination		Uniprot
Y159	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
R162	Methylation		Uniprot
T166	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
S168	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
S172	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
K174	Ubiquitination		Uniprot
Y183	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
T196	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
T199	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
Y200	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
Y208	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
K216	Ubiquitination		Uniprot
T218	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
T219	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
T221	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
Y222	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
S234	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
C239	S-Nitrosylation		Uniprot
K252	Sumoylation		Uniprot
K252	Ubiquitination		Uniprot
T274	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
S275	Phosphorylation	Q5TCY1 (TTBK1)	Uniprot
R276	Methylation		Uniprot
S278	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
Y281	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
T285	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
T290	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
K297	Ubiquitination		Uniprot
C303	S-Nitrosylation		Uniprot
Y310	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
T312	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
R318	Methylation		Uniprot
S322	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
K324	Acetylation		Uniprot
K324	Sumoylation		Uniprot
K324	Ubiquitination		Uniprot
K336	Acetylation		Uniprot
K336	Ubiquitination		Uniprot
S338	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
S339	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
Y340	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
K350	Sumoylation		Uniprot
K350	Ubiquitination		Uniprot
T351	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
K362	Ubiquitination		Uniprot
T366	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
S371	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
K379	Acetylation		Uniprot
K379	Ubiquitination		Uniprot
S382	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
T386	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
K392	Ubiquitination		Uniprot
T399	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
Y422	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
Y425	Phosphorylation		Uniprot
T429	Phosphorylation		Uniprot

IMPORTANT: For western blots, incubate membrane with diluted antibody in 5% w/v milk , 1X TBS, 0.1% Tween®20 at 4°C with gentle shaking, overnight.

Secondary antibody Goat Anti-Mouse IgG (H+L) CY3-conjugated (S0012) Goat Anti-Mouse IgG (H+L) HRP (S0002) Goat Anti-Mouse IgG (H+L) AP (S0004) Goat Anti-Mouse IgG (H+L) Fluor594-conjugated (S0005) Goat Anti-Mouse IgG (H+L) FITC -conjugated (S0007) Goat Anti-Mouse IgG (H+L) Fluor647-conjugated (S0014) Goat Anti-Mouse IgG (H+L) TRITC-conjugated (S0016) Goat Anti-Mouse IgG (H+L) Fluor488-conjugated (S0017)

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