Product: PKA alpha CAT Antibody
Catalog: AF5450
Description: Rabbit polyclonal antibody to PKA alpha CAT
Application: WB IHC IF/ICC
Reactivity: Human, Mouse, Rat
Prediction: Pig, Bovine, Horse, Sheep, Dog, Xenopus
Mol.Wt.: 36 kDa; 41kD(Calculated).
Uniprot: P17612
RRID: AB_2837934

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 100ul $280 In stock
 200ul $350 In stock

Lead Time: Same day delivery

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Product Info

Source:
Rabbit
Application:
WB 1:500-1:2000, IHC 1:50-1:200, IF/ICC 1:100-1:500
*The optimal dilutions should be determined by the end user.
*Tips:

WB: For western blot detection of denatured protein samples. IHC: For immunohistochemical detection of paraffin sections (IHC-p) or frozen sections (IHC-f) of tissue samples. IF/ICC: For immunofluorescence detection of cell samples. ELISA(peptide): For ELISA detection of antigenic peptide.

Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat
Prediction:
Pig(100%), Bovine(100%), Horse(100%), Sheep(100%), Dog(100%), Xenopus(100%)
Clonality:
Polyclonal
Specificity:
PKA alpha CAT Antibody detects endogenous levels of total PKA alpha CAT.
RRID:
AB_2837934
Cite Format: Affinity Biosciences Cat# AF5450, RRID:AB_2837934.
Conjugate:
Unconjugated.
Purification:
The antiserum was purified by peptide affinity chromatography using SulfoLink™ Coupling Resin (Thermo Fisher Scientific).
Storage:
Rabbit IgG in phosphate buffered saline , pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol. Store at -20 °C. Stable for 12 months from date of receipt.
Alias:

Fold/Unfold

cAMP dependent protein kinase alpha catalytic subunit; cAMP dependent protein kinase beta catalytic subunit; cAMP dependent protein kinase catalytic beta subunit isoform 4ab; cAMP dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha; cAMP dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha, isoform 1; cAMP dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha; KAPCA_HUMAN; PKA C alpha; PKA C beta; PKA C-alpha; PKACA; PKACB; PPNAD4; PRKACA; PRKACAA; PRKACB; Protein kinase A catalytic subunit alpha; Protein kinase A catalytic subunit; Protein kinase A catalytic subunit beta; Protein kinase, cAMP dependent, catalytic, alpha; Protein kinase, cAMP dependent, catalytic, beta;

Immunogens

Immunogen:
Uniprot:
Gene(ID):
Expression:
P17612 KAPCA_HUMAN:

Isoform 1 is ubiquitous. Isoform 2 is sperm-specific and is enriched in pachytene spermatocytes but is not detected in round spermatids.

Description:
Phosphorylates a large number of substrates in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Regulates the abundance of compartmentalized pools of its regulatory subunits through phosphorylation of PJA2 which binds and ubiquitinates these subunits, leading to their subsequent proteolysis. Phosphorylates CDC25B, ABL1, NFKB1, CLDN3, PSMC5/RPT6, PJA2, RYR2, RORA and VASP. RORA is activated by phosphorylation. Required for glucose-mediated adipogenic differentiation increase and osteogenic differentiation inhibition from osteoblasts.
Sequence:
MGNAAAAKKGSEQESVKEFLAKAKEDFLKKWESPAQNTAHLDQFERIKTLGTGSFGRVMLVKHKETGNHYAMKILDKQKVVKLKQIEHTLNEKRILQAVNFPFLVKLEFSFKDNSNLYMVMEYVPGGEMFSHLRRIGRFSEPHARFYAAQIVLTFEYLHSLDLIYRDLKPENLLIDQQGYIQVTDFGFAKRVKGRTWTLCGTPEYLAPEIILSKGYNKAVDWWALGVLIYEMAAGYPPFFADQPIQIYEKIVSGKVRFPSHFSSDLKDLLRNLLQVDLTKRFGNLKNGVNDIKNHKWFATTDWIAIYQRKVEAPFIPKFKGPGDTSNFDDYEEEEIRVSINEKCGKEFSEF

Predictions

Predictions:

Score>80(red) has high confidence and is suggested to be used for WB detection. *The prediction model is mainly based on the alignment of immunogen sequences, the results are for reference only, not as the basis of quality assurance.

Species
Results
Score
Pig
100
Horse
100
Bovine
100
Sheep
100
Dog
100
Xenopus
100
Chicken
64
Zebrafish
0
Rabbit
0
Model Confidence:
High(score>80) Medium(80>score>50) Low(score<50) No confidence

PTMs - P17612 As Substrate

Site PTM Type Enzyme
G2 Myristoylation
S11 Phosphorylation P17612 (PRKACA)
S15 Phosphorylation P17612 (PRKACA)
K17 Ubiquitination
K24 Ubiquitination
K30 Ubiquitination
K48 Ubiquitination
T49 Phosphorylation P17612 (PRKACA)
T52 Phosphorylation
S54 Phosphorylation P17612 (PRKACA)
Y70 Phosphorylation
K84 Ubiquitination
T89 Phosphorylation
K93 Ubiquitination
S140 Phosphorylation P17612 (PRKACA)
K190 Ubiquitination
T196 Phosphorylation
T198 Phosphorylation O15530 (PDPK1) , P17612 (PRKACA)
T202 Phosphorylation
S213 Phosphorylation P17612 (PRKACA)
K214 Ubiquitination
K255 Ubiquitination
S260 Phosphorylation P17612 (PRKACA)
S264 Phosphorylation
K267 Acetylation
K267 Ubiquitination
K280 Acetylation
K280 Ubiquitination
K286 Ubiquitination
K293 Ubiquitination
K310 Ubiquitination
K318 Ubiquitination
K320 Ubiquitination
S326 Phosphorylation P17612 (PRKACA)
Y331 Phosphorylation
S339 Phosphorylation P17612 (PRKACA)
K343 Ubiquitination
K346 Ubiquitination

PTMs - P17612 As Enzyme

Substrate Site Source
O00141 (SGK1) T369 Uniprot
O00168 (FXYD1) S83 Uniprot
O00168 (FXYD1) S88 Uniprot
O00231 (PSMD11) S14 Uniprot
O00418 (EEF2K) S366 Uniprot
O00418 (EEF2K) S500 Uniprot
O00429 (DNM1L) S637 Uniprot
O00482 (NR5A2) S510 Uniprot
O14558 (HSPB6) S16 Uniprot
O14649 (KCNK3) S393 Uniprot
O14813 (PHOX2A) S153 Uniprot
O14921 (RGS13) T41 Uniprot
O14936 (CASK) S562 Uniprot
O14936 (CASK) T741 Uniprot
O14965 (AURKA) T288 Uniprot
O14974 (PPP1R12A) S695 Uniprot
O14974 (PPP1R12A) T696 Uniprot
O14974 (PPP1R12A) S852 Uniprot
O14974 (PPP1R12A) T853 Uniprot
O15217 (GSTA4) S189 Uniprot
O15392 (BIRC5) S20 Uniprot
O15551 (CLDN3) T192 Uniprot
O15554 (KCNN4) S334 Uniprot
O43164 (PJA2) S342 Uniprot
O43164 (PJA2) T389 Uniprot
O43181 (NDUFS4) S173 Uniprot
O43566-7 (RGS14) S260 Uniprot
O43566-7 (RGS14) T495 Uniprot
O43602 (DCX) S128 Uniprot
O43665-2 (RGS10) S162 Uniprot
O43665-3 (RGS10) S176 Uniprot
O60240 (PLIN1) S81 Uniprot
O60479 (DLX3) S10 Uniprot
O60716 (CTNND1) S879 Uniprot
O60825-1 (PFKFB2) S466 Uniprot
O60928 (KCNJ13) S287 Uniprot
O60941 (DTNB) T11 Uniprot
O60941 (DTNB) T424 Uniprot
O75376 (NCOR1) S70 Uniprot
O75581 (LRP6) T1548 Uniprot
O75688 (PPM1B) S195 Uniprot
O75899 (GABBR2) S893 Uniprot
O76054 (SEC14L2) S289 Uniprot
O76074 (PDE5A) S102 Uniprot
O94811 (TPPP) S32 Uniprot
O94811 (TPPP) T92 Uniprot
O94811 (TPPP) S159 Uniprot
O95180 (CACNA1H) S1107 Uniprot
O95180 (CACNA1H) S1144 Uniprot
O95295 (SNAPIN) S50 Uniprot
O95477 (ABCA1) S1042 Uniprot
O95477 (ABCA1) S2054 Uniprot
O95644 (NFATC1) S245 Uniprot
O95644 (NFATC1) S269 Uniprot
O95644 (NFATC1) S294 Uniprot
O95863 (SNAI1) S11 Uniprot
O96001-1 (PPP1R17) T68 Uniprot
O96001-1 (PPP1R17) T119 Uniprot
O96004 (HAND1) S98 Uniprot
O96004 (HAND1) T107 Uniprot
O96004 (HAND1) S109 Uniprot
P00439 (PAH) S16 Uniprot
P01100-1 (FOS) S362 Uniprot
P01892 (HLA-A) S337 Uniprot
P01892 (HLA-A) S343 Uniprot
P02686-6 (MBP) S8 Uniprot
P02686-4 (MBP) S13 Uniprot
P02686-6 (MBP) T36 Uniprot
P02686-3 (MBP) S57 Uniprot
P02686-6 (MBP) S122 Uniprot
P02686-5 (MBP) S133 Uniprot
P02686-2 (MBP) S141 Uniprot
P02686 (MBP) S146 Uniprot
P02686-4 (MBP) S148 Uniprot
P02686-6 (MBP) S151 Uniprot
P02686-3 (MBP) S159 Uniprot
P02686-5 (MBP) S162 Uniprot
P02686 (MBP) T169 Uniprot
P02686-4 (MBP) S177 Uniprot
P02686-3 (MBP) S188 Uniprot
P02686 (MBP) S190 Uniprot
P02686 (MBP) S249 Uniprot
P02686 (MBP) S266 Uniprot
P02686 (MBP) S295 Uniprot
P03372 (ESR1) S236 Uniprot
P03372 (ESR1) S305 Uniprot
P04004 (VTN) S397 Uniprot
P04035-1 (HMGCR) S872 Uniprot
P04049-1 (RAF1) S43 Uniprot
P04049-1 (RAF1) S233 Uniprot
P04049-1 (RAF1) S259 Uniprot
P04049 (RAF1) S621 Uniprot
P04083 (ANXA1) T216 Uniprot
P04626 (ERBB2) T686 Uniprot
P04637 (TP53) S378 Uniprot
P04792 (HSPB1) S78 Uniprot
P04792 (HSPB1) S82 Uniprot
P04792 (HSPB1) T143 Uniprot
P05023 (ATP1A1) S943 Uniprot
P05093 (CYP17A1) S258 Uniprot
P05114 (HMGN1) S7 Uniprot
P05114 (HMGN1) S21 Uniprot
P05114 (HMGN1) S25 Uniprot
P05204 (HMGN2) S25 Uniprot
P05204 (HMGN2) S29 Uniprot
P05549 (TFAP2A) S239 Uniprot
P05787 (KRT8) S9 Uniprot
P05787 (KRT8) S13 Uniprot
P05787 (KRT8) S24 Uniprot
P05787 (KRT8) S34 Uniprot
P05787 (KRT8) S37 Uniprot
P05787 (KRT8) S43 Uniprot
P05787 (KRT8) S417 Uniprot
P06239-1 (LCK) S42 Uniprot
P06241 (FYN) S21 Uniprot
P06400 (RB1) S780 Uniprot
P07101-2 (TH) S36 Uniprot
P07101-1 (TH) S40 Uniprot
P07101-4 (TH) S44 Uniprot
P07101-2 (TH) S67 Uniprot
P07101 (TH) S71 Uniprot
P07550 (ADRB2) S345 Uniprot
P07550 (ADRB2) S346 Uniprot
P07900 (HSP90AA1) T90 Uniprot
P07949 (RET) S696 Uniprot
P08034 (GJB1) S233 Uniprot
P08151 (GLI1) T374 Uniprot
P08151 (GLI1) S544 Uniprot
P08151 (GLI1) S560 Uniprot
P08151 (GLI1) S640 Uniprot
P08183 (ABCB1) S667 Uniprot
P08183 (ABCB1) S671 Uniprot
P08183 (ABCB1) S683 Uniprot
P08588 (ADRB1) S312 Uniprot
P08670 (VIM) S7 Uniprot
P08670 (VIM) S25 Uniprot
P08670 (VIM) S39 Uniprot
P08670 (VIM) S47 Uniprot
P08670 (VIM) S72 Uniprot
P08670 (VIM) S73 Uniprot
P08684 (CYP3A4) S116 Uniprot
P08684 (CYP3A4) S119 Uniprot
P08684 (CYP3A4) S134 Uniprot
P08684 (CYP3A4) S259 Uniprot
P08684 (CYP3A4) S478 Uniprot
P09038 (FGF2) T254 Uniprot
P09211 (GSTP1) S185 Uniprot
P09651 (HNRNPA1) S199 Uniprot
P09917 (ALOX5) S272 Uniprot
P09917 (ALOX5) S524 Uniprot
P0DMV8 (HSPA1A) S418 Uniprot
P0DN86 (CGB8) T117 Uniprot
P10071 (GLI3) S849 Uniprot
P10071 (GLI3) S865 Uniprot
P10071 (GLI3) S877 Uniprot
P10071 (GLI3) S907 Uniprot
P10071 (GLI3) S980 Uniprot
P10071 (GLI3) S1006 Uniprot
P10242 (MYB) S116 Uniprot
P10276 (RARA) S219 Uniprot
P10276 (RARA) S369 Uniprot
P10412 (HIST1H1E) S36 Uniprot
P10636-2 (MAPT) S137 Uniprot
P10636-6 (MAPT) S140 Uniprot
P10636-2 (MAPT) S141 Uniprot
P10636-6 (MAPT) T147 Uniprot
P10636-6 (MAPT) T154 Uniprot
P10636-2 (MAPT) S156 Uniprot
P10636-6 (MAPT) T173 Uniprot
P10636-8 (MAPT) S195 Uniprot
P10636-8 (MAPT) S198 Uniprot
P10636-2 (MAPT) S204 Uniprot
P10636-8 (MAPT) T212 Uniprot
P10636-8 (MAPT) S214 Uniprot
P10636-8 (MAPT) T245 Uniprot
P10636-8 (MAPT) S262 Uniprot
P10636-2 (MAPT) S267 Uniprot
P10636-8 (MAPT) S293 Uniprot
P10636-6 (MAPT) S298 Uniprot
P10636-8 (MAPT) S305 Uniprot
P10636-8 (MAPT) S316 Uniprot
P10636-2 (MAPT) S320 Uniprot
P10636-8 (MAPT) S324 Uniprot
P10636-6 (MAPT) S351 Uniprot
P10636-8 (MAPT) S356 Uniprot
P10636-8 (MAPT) S409 Uniprot
P10636-8 (MAPT) S416 Uniprot
P10636 (MAPT) S531 Uniprot
P10636 (MAPT) T548 Uniprot
P10636 (MAPT) S579 Uniprot
P10636 (MAPT) S673 Uniprot
P10636 (MAPT) S726 Uniprot
P11137-2 (MAP2) S319 Uniprot
P11137-1 (MAP2) S1675 Uniprot
P11137 (MAP2) S1679 Uniprot
P11137 (MAP2) S1710 Uniprot
P11137 (MAP2) S1742 Uniprot
P11137 (MAP2) S1782 Uniprot
P11168-1 (SLC2A2) S491 Uniprot
P11168-1 (SLC2A2) S503 Uniprot
P11168-1 (SLC2A2) S505 Uniprot
P11473 (VDR) S182 Uniprot
P11717 (IGF2R) S2347 Uniprot
P11831 (SRF) T159 Uniprot
P12270 (TPR) S2108 Uniprot
P12931-1 (SRC) S17 Uniprot
P12931 (SRC) Y419 Uniprot
P13224-1 (GP1BB) S191 Uniprot
P13569 (CFTR) S660 Uniprot
P13569 (CFTR) S700 Uniprot
P13569 (CFTR) S712 Uniprot
P13569-1 (CFTR) S737 Uniprot
P13569 (CFTR) S753 Uniprot
P13569 (CFTR) S768 Uniprot
P13569 (CFTR) S795 Uniprot
P13569-1 (CFTR) S813 Uniprot
P13612 (ITGA4) S1021 Uniprot
P13796 (LCP1) S5 Uniprot
P13807-1 (GYS1) S8 Uniprot
P13807-1 (GYS1) S710 Uniprot
P14136 (GFAP) T7 Uniprot
P14136 (GFAP) S8 Uniprot
P14136-1 (GFAP) S13 Uniprot
P14136-1 (GFAP) S17 Uniprot
P14136 (GFAP) S38 Uniprot
P14410 (SI) S7 Uniprot
P14598 (NCF1) S320 Uniprot
P14598 (NCF1) S328 Uniprot
P14598 (NCF1) S359 Uniprot
P14598 (NCF1) S370 Uniprot
P14859 (POU2F1) S385 Uniprot
P15056 (BRAF) S430 Uniprot
P15311 (EZR) S66 Uniprot
P15336 (ATF2) S62 Uniprot
P15924 (DSP) S2849 Uniprot
P16066 (NPR1) S529 Uniprot
P16070 (CD44) S697 Uniprot
P16144 (ITGB4) S1364 Uniprot
P16220 (CREB1) S133 Uniprot
P16949 (STMN1) S16 Uniprot
P16949 (STMN1) S63 Uniprot
P17302 (GJA1) S365 Uniprot
P17302 (GJA1) S368 Uniprot
P17302 (GJA1) S369 Uniprot
P17302 (GJA1) S373 Uniprot
P17542 (TAL1) S122 Uniprot
P17542 (TAL1) S172 Uniprot
P17600-2 (SYN1) S9 Uniprot
P17612 (PRKACA) S11 Uniprot
P17612 (PRKACA) S15 Uniprot
P17612 (PRKACA) T49 Uniprot
P17612 (PRKACA) S54 Uniprot
P17612 (PRKACA) S140 Uniprot
P17612 (PRKACA) T198 Uniprot
P17612 (PRKACA) S213 Uniprot
P17612 (PRKACA) S260 Uniprot
P17612 (PRKACA) S326 Uniprot
P17612 (PRKACA) S339 Uniprot
P17655 (CAPN2) S369 Uniprot
P17655 (CAPN2) T370 Uniprot

Research Backgrounds

Function:

Phosphorylates a large number of substrates in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Regulates the abundance of compartmentalized pools of its regulatory subunits through phosphorylation of PJA2 which binds and ubiquitinates these subunits, leading to their subsequent proteolysis. Phosphorylates CDC25B, ABL1, NFKB1, CLDN3, PSMC5/RPT6, PJA2, RYR2, RORA and VASP. RORA is activated by phosphorylation. Required for glucose-mediated adipogenic differentiation increase and osteogenic differentiation inhibition from osteoblasts. Involved in the regulation of platelets in response to thrombin and collagen; maintains circulating platelets in a resting state by phosphorylating proteins in numerous platelet inhibitory pathways when in complex with NF-kappa-B (NFKB1 and NFKB2) and I-kappa-B-alpha (NFKBIA), but thrombin and collagen disrupt these complexes and free active PRKACA stimulates platelets and leads to platelet aggregation by phosphorylating VASP. Prevents the antiproliferative and anti-invasive effects of alpha-difluoromethylornithine in breast cancer cells when activated. RYR2 channel activity is potentiated by phosphorylation in presence of luminal Ca(2+), leading to reduced amplitude and increased frequency of store overload-induced Ca(2+) release (SOICR) characterized by an increased rate of Ca(2+) release and propagation velocity of spontaneous Ca(2+) waves, despite reduced wave amplitude and resting cytosolic Ca(2+). PSMC5/RPT6 activation by phosphorylation stimulates proteasome. Negatively regulates tight junctions (TJs) in ovarian cancer cells via CLDN3 phosphorylation. NFKB1 phosphorylation promotes NF-kappa-B p50-p50 DNA binding. Involved in embryonic development by down-regulating the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway that determines embryo pattern formation and morphogenesis. Prevents meiosis resumption in prophase-arrested oocytes via CDC25B inactivation by phosphorylation. May also regulate rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in the pedunculopontine tegmental (PPT). Phosphorylates APOBEC3G and AICDA. Isoform 2 phosphorylates and activates ABL1 in sperm flagellum to promote spermatozoa capacitation. Phosphorylates HSF1; this phosphorylation promotes HSF1 nuclear localization and transcriptional activity upon heat shock.

PTMs:

Asn-3 is partially deaminated to Asp giving rise to 2 major isoelectric variants, called CB and CA respectively.

Autophosphorylated. Phosphorylation is enhanced by vitamin K(2). Phosphorylated on threonine and serine residues. Phosphorylation on Thr-198 is required for full activity.

Phosphorylated at Tyr-331 by activated receptor tyrosine kinases EGFR and PDGFR; this increases catalytic efficiency.

Subcellular Location:

Cytoplasm. Cell membrane. Nucleus. Mitochondrion. Membrane>Lipid-anchor.
Note: Translocates into the nucleus (monomeric catalytic subunit). The inactive holoenzyme is found in the cytoplasm. Distributed throughout the cytoplasm in meiotically incompetent oocytes. Associated to mitochondrion as meiotic competence is acquired. Aggregates around the germinal vesicles (GV) at the immature GV stage oocytes (By similarity). Colocalizes with HSF1 in nuclear stress bodies (nSBs) upon heat shock (PubMed:21085490).

Cell projection>Cilium>Flagellum. Cytoplasmic vesicle>Secretory vesicle>Acrosome.
Note: Expressed in the midpiece region of the sperm flagellum (PubMed:10906071). Colocalizes with MROH2B and TCP11 on the acrosome and tail regions in round spermatids and spermatozoa regardless of the capacitation status of the sperm (By similarity).

Extracellular region or secreted Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion Manual annotation Automatic computational assertionSubcellular location
Tissue Specificity:

Isoform 1 is ubiquitous. Isoform 2 is sperm-specific and is enriched in pachytene spermatocytes but is not detected in round spermatids.

Subunit Structure:

A number of inactive tetrameric holoenzymes are produced by the combination of homo- or heterodimers of the different regulatory subunits associated with two catalytic subunits. cAMP causes the dissociation of the inactive holoenzyme into a dimer of regulatory subunits bound to four cAMP and two free monomeric catalytic subunits. The cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit binds PJA2. Both isoforms 1 and 2 forms activate cAMP-sensitive PKAI and PKAII holoenzymes by interacting with regulatory subunit (R) of PKA, PRKAR1A/PKR1 and PRKAR2A/PKR2, respectively. Interacts with NFKB1, NFKB2 and NFKBIA in platelets; these interactions are disrupted by thrombin and collagen. Binds to ABL1 in spermatozoa and with CDC25B in oocytes. Interacts with APOBEC3G and AICDA. Interacts with RAB13; downstream effector of RAB13 involved in tight junction assembly. Found in a complex at least composed of MROH2B, PRKACA isoform 2 and TCP11 (By similarity). Interacts with MROH2B (By similarity). Isoform 2 interacts with TCP11 (By similarity). Interacts with HSF1.

Family&Domains:

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. cAMP subfamily.

Research Fields

· Cellular Processes > Cell growth and death > Oocyte meiosis.   (View pathway)

· Cellular Processes > Transport and catabolism > Autophagy - animal.   (View pathway)

· Cellular Processes > Cellular community - eukaryotes > Tight junction.   (View pathway)

· Cellular Processes > Cellular community - eukaryotes > Gap junction.   (View pathway)

· Environmental Information Processing > Signal transduction > MAPK signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Environmental Information Processing > Signal transduction > Ras signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Environmental Information Processing > Signal transduction > Calcium signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Environmental Information Processing > Signal transduction > cAMP signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Environmental Information Processing > Signal transduction > Wnt signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Environmental Information Processing > Signal transduction > Hedgehog signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Environmental Information Processing > Signal transduction > Apelin signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Drug resistance: Antineoplastic > Endocrine resistance.

· Human Diseases > Neurodegenerative diseases > Parkinson's disease.

· Human Diseases > Neurodegenerative diseases > Prion diseases.

· Human Diseases > Substance dependence > Cocaine addiction.

· Human Diseases > Substance dependence > Amphetamine addiction.

· Human Diseases > Substance dependence > Morphine addiction.

· Human Diseases > Substance dependence > Alcoholism.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Bacterial > Vibrio cholerae infection.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Parasitic > Amoebiasis.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Viral > Human papillomavirus infection.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Viral > HTLV-I infection.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Viral > Epstein-Barr virus infection.

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Overview > Pathways in cancer.   (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Overview > Viral carcinogenesis.

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Overview > Proteoglycans in cancer.

· Human Diseases > Cardiovascular diseases > Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).

· Organismal Systems > Immune system > Chemokine signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Aging > Longevity regulating pathway.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Aging > Longevity regulating pathway - multiple species.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Circulatory system > Adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Circulatory system > Vascular smooth muscle contraction.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Immune system > Platelet activation.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Environmental adaptation > Circadian entrainment.

· Organismal Systems > Nervous system > Long-term potentiation.

· Organismal Systems > Nervous system > Retrograde endocannabinoid signaling.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Nervous system > Glutamatergic synapse.

· Organismal Systems > Nervous system > Cholinergic synapse.

· Organismal Systems > Nervous system > Serotonergic synapse.

· Organismal Systems > Nervous system > GABAergic synapse.

· Organismal Systems > Nervous system > Dopaminergic synapse.

· Organismal Systems > Sensory system > Olfactory transduction.

· Organismal Systems > Sensory system > Taste transduction.

· Organismal Systems > Sensory system > Inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Endocrine system > Insulin signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Endocrine system > Insulin secretion.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Endocrine system > Ovarian steroidogenesis.

· Organismal Systems > Endocrine system > Progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation.

· Organismal Systems > Endocrine system > Estrogen signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Endocrine system > Melanogenesis.

· Organismal Systems > Endocrine system > Thyroid hormone synthesis.

· Organismal Systems > Endocrine system > Thyroid hormone signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Endocrine system > Oxytocin signaling pathway.

· Organismal Systems > Endocrine system > Glucagon signaling pathway.

· Organismal Systems > Endocrine system > Regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes.

· Organismal Systems > Endocrine system > Renin secretion.

· Organismal Systems > Endocrine system > Aldosterone synthesis and secretion.

· Organismal Systems > Endocrine system > Relaxin signaling pathway.

· Organismal Systems > Excretory system > Endocrine and other factor-regulated calcium reabsorption.

· Organismal Systems > Excretory system > Vasopressin-regulated water reabsorption.

· Organismal Systems > Digestive system > Salivary secretion.

· Organismal Systems > Digestive system > Gastric acid secretion.

References

1). New Findings: Hindlimb Unloading Causes Nucleocytoplasmic Ca2+ Overload and DNA Damage in Skeletal Muscle. Cells [IF=6.0]

Application: WB    Species: Rat    Sample:

Figure 4. Relative expression level of Ca2+ transporters located on nuclear membrane and its regulatory proteins. (A) Representations of Calsequestrin 1 (CSQ1), Calnexin (CAX), Lamina protein B1 (LaminB1) in cellular protein fraction and nuclear protein fraction. C: cellular protein fraction; N: nuclear protein fraction. (B) Bands of Ca2+ transporters and its regulatory proteins. (C–I) Relative expression levels of Ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1), Inositol 1,4,5-tetrakisphosphate receptor 1 (IP3R1), Ca2+-ATPase type 2 (Ca2+-ATPase2), Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 3 (NCX3), Ca2+/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CaMK II), Protein kinase A (PKA) and Cyclic ADP ribose hydrolase (CD38), respectively. Each circle represented a value. n = 6–8. Data were analyzed by t-test. Data are shown as Mean ± SEM and considered statistically significant at p < 0.05.

2). Fibroblast growth factor 2 contributes to the effect of salidroside on dendritic and synaptic plasticity after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Aging (Albany NY) (PubMed: 32518214) [IF=5.2]

Application: WB    Species: rat    Sample:

Figure 6. |Sal upregulates the FGF2-mediated cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway following MCAO/R. (A–G) Representative western blot bands of cAMP, PKA, CREB, p-CREB, FGF2 and FGFR1 in each group.

3). Moderate-Intensity Intermittent Training Alters the DNA Methylation Pattern of PDE4D Gene in Hippocampus to Improve the Ability of Spatial Learning and Memory in Aging Rats Reduced by D-Galactose. Brain Sciences (PubMed: 36979232) [IF=3.3]

Application: WB    Species: Rat    Sample: hippocampus

Figure 3 Eight weeks MIIT up-regulated the expression of cAMP and PKA/p-CREB/BDNF in hippocampus: (a) cAMP level in hippocampus was analyzed by Elisa. (b–e) Western blot was used to analyze the protein expression of PKA, p-CREB, and BDNF in hippocampus. The above data are presented in the form of mean ± SEM, Independent Samples t Test, * p < 0.05 vs. D-Gal group, ** p < 0.01 vs. D-Gal group. Control: young group treated with saline, D-Gal Group: aging group induced by D-galactose, D-Gal+E Group: aging group induced by D-galactose that performed treadmill exercise.

4). Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training on Fatty Infiltration After Delayed Rotator Cuff Repair in a Mouse Model. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine (PubMed: 37223073) [IF=2.6]

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