beta Catenin Antibody - #AF6266

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Product: beta Catenin Antibody
Catalog: AF6266
Description: Rabbit polyclonal antibody to beta Catenin
Application: WB IHC IF/ICC
Cited expt.: WB, IHC, IF/ICC
Reactivity: Human, Mouse, Rat
Prediction: Pig, Zebrafish, Bovine, Horse, Sheep, Rabbit, Dog, Chicken, Xenopus
Mol.Wt.: 92kDa; 85kD(Calculated).
Uniprot: P35222
RRID: AB_2835124

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Related Downloads
MSDS
Data Sheet
COA
Protocols
WB Handbook
IHC Protocol
IF/ICC Protocol

Product Info

Source:
Rabbit
Application:
WB 1:500-1:2000, IHC 1:50-1:200, IF/ICC 1:200
*The optimal dilutions should be determined by the end user.
*Tips:

WB: For western blot detection of denatured protein samples. IHC: For immunohistochemical detection of paraffin sections (IHC-p) or frozen sections (IHC-f) of tissue samples. IF/ICC: For immunofluorescence detection of cell samples. ELISA(peptide): For ELISA detection of antigenic peptide.

Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat
Prediction:
Pig(100%), Zebrafish(100%), Bovine(100%), Horse(100%), Sheep(100%), Rabbit(100%), Dog(100%), Chicken(100%), Xenopus(100%)
Clonality:
Polyclonal
Specificity:
beta Catenin Antibody detects endogenous levels of total beta Catenin.
RRID:
AB_2835124
Cite Format: Affinity Biosciences Cat# AF6266, RRID:AB_2835124.
Conjugate:
Unconjugated.
Purification:
The antiserum was purified by peptide affinity chromatography using SulfoLink™ Coupling Resin (Thermo Fisher Scientific).
Storage:
1mg/ml in PBS, pH 7.4. Store at -20 °C. Stable for 12 months from date of receipt.
Alias:

Fold/Unfold

Beta catenin; Beta-catenin; Cadherin associated protein; Catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1, 88kDa; Catenin beta 1; Catenin beta-1; CATNB; CHBCAT; CTNB1_HUMAN; CTNNB; CTNNB1; DKFZp686D02253; FLJ25606; FLJ37923; OTTHUMP00000162082; OTTHUMP00000165222; OTTHUMP00000165223; OTTHUMP00000209288; OTTHUMP00000209289;

Immunogens

Immunogen:

A synthesized peptide derived from human beta Catenin, corresponding to a region within N-terminal amino acids.

Uniprot:

P35222(CTNB1_HUMAN) >>Visit HPA database.

Gene(ID):
CTNNB1(1499)
Expression:
P35222 CTNB1_HUMAN:

Expressed in several hair follicle cell types: basal and peripheral matrix cells, and cells of the outer and inner root sheaths. Expressed in colon. Present in cortical neurons (at protein level). Expressed in breast cancer tissues (at protein level) (PubMed:29367600).

Description:
Beta-catenin is an adherens junction protein. Adherens junctions (AJs; also called the zonula adherens) are critical for the establishment and maintenance of epithelial layers, such as those lining organ surfaces. AJs mediate adhesion between cells, communicate a signal that neighboring cells are present, and anchor the actin cytoskeleton. In serving these roles, AJs regulate normal cell growth and behavior.
Sequence:
MATQADLMELDMAMEPDRKAAVSHWQQQSYLDSGIHSGATTTAPSLSGKGNPEEEDVDTSQVLYEWEQGFSQSFTQEQVADIDGQYAMTRAQRVRAAMFPETLDEGMQIPSTQFDAAHPTNVQRLAEPSQMLKHAVVNLINYQDDAELATRAIPELTKLLNDEDQVVVNKAAVMVHQLSKKEASRHAIMRSPQMVSAIVRTMQNTNDVETARCTAGTLHNLSHHREGLLAIFKSGGIPALVKMLGSPVDSVLFYAITTLHNLLLHQEGAKMAVRLAGGLQKMVALLNKTNVKFLAITTDCLQILAYGNQESKLIILASGGPQALVNIMRTYTYEKLLWTTSRVLKVLSVCSSNKPAIVEAGGMQALGLHLTDPSQRLVQNCLWTLRNLSDAATKQEGMEGLLGTLVQLLGSDDINVVTCAAGILSNLTCNNYKNKMMVCQVGGIEALVRTVLRAGDREDITEPAICALRHLTSRHQEAEMAQNAVRLHYGLPVVVKLLHPPSHWPLIKATVGLIRNLALCPANHAPLREQGAIPRLVQLLVRAHQDTQRRTSMGGTQQQFVEGVRMEEIVEGCTGALHILARDVHNRIVIRGLNTIPLFVQLLYSPIENIQRVAAGVLCELAQDKEAAEAIEAEGATAPLTELLHSRNEGVATYAAAVLFRMSEDKPQDYKKRLSVELTSSLFRTEPMAWNETADLGLDIGAQGEPLGYRQDDPSYRSFHSGGYGQDALGMDPMMEHEMGGHHPGADYPVDGLPDLGHAQDLMDGLPPGDSNQLAWFDTDL

Predictions

Predictions:

Score>80(red) has high confidence and is suggested to be used for WB detection. *The prediction model is mainly based on the alignment of immunogen sequences, the results are for reference only, not as the basis of quality assurance.

Species
Results
Score
Pig
100
Horse
100
Bovine
100
Sheep
100
Dog
100
Xenopus
100
Zebrafish
100
Chicken
100
Rabbit
100
Model Confidence:
High(score>80) Medium(80>score>50) Low(score<50) No confidence

Research Backgrounds

Function:

Key downstream component of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. In the absence of Wnt, forms a complex with AXIN1, AXIN2, APC, CSNK1A1 and GSK3B that promotes phosphorylation on N-terminal Ser and Thr residues and ubiquitination of CTNNB1 via BTRC and its subsequent degradation by the proteasome. In the presence of Wnt ligand, CTNNB1 is not ubiquitinated and accumulates in the nucleus, where it acts as a coactivator for transcription factors of the TCF/LEF family, leading to activate Wnt responsive genes. Involved in the regulation of cell adhesion, as component of an E-cadherin:catenin adhesion complex. Acts as a negative regulator of centrosome cohesion. Involved in the CDK2/PTPN6/CTNNB1/CEACAM1 pathway of insulin internalization. Blocks anoikis of malignant kidney and intestinal epithelial cells and promotes their anchorage-independent growth by down-regulating DAPK2. Disrupts PML function and PML-NB formation by inhibiting RANBP2-mediated sumoylation of PML. Promotes neurogenesis by maintaining sympathetic neuroblasts within the cell cycle (By similarity).

PTMs:

Phosphorylation at Ser-552 by AMPK promotes stabilizion of the protein, enhancing TCF/LEF-mediated transcription (By similarity). Phosphorylation by GSK3B requires prior phosphorylation of Ser-45 by another kinase. Phosphorylation proceeds then from Thr-41 to Ser-37 and Ser-33. Phosphorylated by NEK2. EGF stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation. Phosphorylation on Tyr-654 decreases CDH1 binding and enhances TBP binding. Phosphorylated on Ser-33 and Ser-37 by HIPK2 and GSK3B, this phosphorylation triggers proteasomal degradation. Phosphorylation on Ser-191 and Ser-246 by CDK5. Phosphorylation by CDK2 regulates insulin internalization. Phosphorylation by PTK6 at Tyr-64, Tyr-142, Tyr-331 and/or Tyr-333 with the predominant site at Tyr-64 is not essential for inhibition of transcriptional activity.

Ubiquitinated by the SCF(BTRC) E3 ligase complex when phosphorylated by GSK3B, leading to its degradation. Ubiquitinated by a E3 ubiquitin ligase complex containing UBE2D1, SIAH1, CACYBP/SIP, SKP1, APC and TBL1X, leading to its subsequent proteasomal degradation (By similarity).

S-nitrosylation at Cys-619 within adherens junctions promotes VEGF-induced, NO-dependent endothelial cell permeability by disrupting interaction with E-cadherin, thus mediating disassembly adherens junctions.

O-glycosylation at Ser-23 decreases nuclear localization and transcriptional activity, and increases localization to the plasma membrane and interaction with E-cadherin CDH1.

Deacetylated at Lys-49 by SIRT1.

Subcellular Location:

Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Cytoplasm>Cytoskeleton. Cell junction>Adherens junction. Cell junction. Cell membrane. Cytoplasm>Cytoskeleton>Microtubule organizing center>Centrosome. Cytoplasm>Cytoskeleton>Spindle pole. Cell junction>Synapse. Cytoplasm>Cytoskeleton>Cilium basal body.
Note: Colocalized with RAPGEF2 and TJP1 at cell-cell contacts (By similarity). Cytoplasmic when it is unstabilized (high level of phosphorylation) or bound to CDH1. Translocates to the nucleus when it is stabilized (low level of phosphorylation). Interaction with GLIS2 and MUC1 promotes nuclear translocation. Interaction with EMD inhibits nuclear localization. The majority of beta-catenin is localized to the cell membrane. In interphase, colocalizes with CROCC between CEP250 puncta at the proximal end of centrioles, and this localization is dependent on CROCC and CEP250. In mitosis, when NEK2 activity increases, it localizes to centrosomes at spindle poles independent of CROCC. Colocalizes with CDK5 in the cell-cell contacts and plasma membrane of undifferentiated and differentiated neuroblastoma cells. Interaction with FAM53B promotes translocation to the nucleus (PubMed:25183871).

Extracellular region or secreted Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion Manual annotation Automatic computational assertionSubcellular location
Tissue Specificity:

Expressed in several hair follicle cell types: basal and peripheral matrix cells, and cells of the outer and inner root sheaths. Expressed in colon. Present in cortical neurons (at protein level). Expressed in breast cancer tissues (at protein level).

Family&Domains:

Belongs to the beta-catenin family.

Research Fields

· Cellular Processes > Cellular community - eukaryotes > Focal adhesion.   (View pathway)

· Cellular Processes > Cellular community - eukaryotes > Adherens junction.   (View pathway)

· Cellular Processes > Cellular community - eukaryotes > Signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells.   (View pathway)

· Environmental Information Processing > Signal transduction > Rap1 signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Environmental Information Processing > Signal transduction > Wnt signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Environmental Information Processing > Signal transduction > Hippo signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Bacterial > Bacterial invasion of epithelial cells.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Bacterial > Pathogenic Escherichia coli infection.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Viral > Human papillomavirus infection.

· Human Diseases > Infectious diseases: Viral > HTLV-I infection.

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Overview > Pathways in cancer.   (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Overview > Proteoglycans in cancer.

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Specific types > Colorectal cancer.   (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Specific types > Endometrial cancer.   (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Specific types > Prostate cancer.   (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Specific types > Thyroid cancer.   (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Specific types > Basal cell carcinoma.   (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Specific types > Breast cancer.   (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Specific types > Hepatocellular carcinoma.   (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Cancers: Specific types > Gastric cancer.   (View pathway)

· Human Diseases > Cardiovascular diseases > Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC).

· Organismal Systems > Immune system > Leukocyte transendothelial migration.   (View pathway)

· Organismal Systems > Endocrine system > Melanogenesis.

· Organismal Systems > Endocrine system > Thyroid hormone signaling pathway.   (View pathway)

References

1). A Nucleophilicity-Engineered DNA Ligation Blockade Nanoradiosensitizer Induces Irreversible DNA Damage to Overcome Cancer Radioresistance. Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.), 2024 (PubMed: 39246208) [IF=27.4]
2). A Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Guided Multienzymatic Hydrogel Design for Self-Regenerative Repair in Diabetic Mandibular Defects. ADVANCED MATERIALS, 2024 [IF=27.4]
3). Exercise-induced Musclin determines the fate of fibro-adipogenic progenitors to control muscle homeostasis. Cell stem cell, 2024 (PubMed: 38232727) [IF=19.8]
4). MicroRNA-200c impairs uterine receptivity formation by targeting FUT4 and α1,3-fucosylation. CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION, 2017 (PubMed: 28914881) [IF=13.7]

Application: WB    Species: human    Sample:

Figure 4 miR-200c decreases α1,3-fucosylation on CD44 and inactivates Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. (a, e) Western/lectin blot analysis of effect of miR-200c on α1,3- fucosylation and LeY biosynthesis in RL95-2 (a) and Ishikawa (e) cells. CBB: coomassie brilliant blue. LTL: Lotus tetragonolobus lectin. (b, f) Immunoprecipitation and western blot analysis of α 1,3-fucosylation and LeY on CD44 in RL95-2 (b) and Ishikawa (f) cells. Immunoprecipitation (IP): anti-CD44 antibody pulled down protein. Immune blot (IB): detection of α 1,3-fucosylation by LTL lectin and anti-LeY antibody. (c, g) Western blot analysis of CD44, LTL and LeY blocking on activation of p-GSK3β, GSK3β and β-catenin in RL95-2 (c) and Ishikawa (g) cells. (d, h) Western blot and statistical analysis of p-GSK3β, GSK3β and β-catenin in RL95-2 (d) and Ishikawa (h) cells. DKK: inhibitor of Wnt/β- catenin signal pathway. *Po0.05, **Po0.01, ***Po0.
5). Anti-Obesity Effects of Adzuki Bean Saponins in Improving Lipid Metabolism Through Reducing Oxidative Stress and Alleviating Mitochondrial Abnormality by Activating the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 2024 (PubMed: 39594522) [IF=7.0]
6). Oxysterol-binding protein-like 2 contributes to the developmental progression of preadipocytes by binding to β-catenin. Cell Death Discovery, 2021 (PubMed: 34001864) [IF=7.0]

Application: WB    Species: Human    Sample: HEK293T cells

Fig. 2 OSBPL2/ORP2 binds to β-catenin. A Mass spectrometry data of the HEK293T cells expressing FLAG-tagged OSBPL2 were used to identify and evaluated the OSBPL2 interactome and categorized its components by COG and KEGG analyses. B 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were transfected with FLAG-tagged Osbpl2 plasmid for 48 h. Co-IP assays were used to verify the interaction of FLAG-tagged OSBPL2 with endogenous β-catenin in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. C Panoramic view (right) and amplified view (left) showing the bond between β-catenin (green) and OSBPL2 (rose red). Binding sites 1, ORD in OSBPL2 (Asp-310, Gly-359) and Arm repeats in β-catenin (Ser-351 and Ser-352 residues); binding sites 2, ORD in OSBPL2 (Gln-375, Pro-370, and Thr-368 residues) and Arm repeats in β-catenin (Tyr-604, Pro-606, and Ile-607 residues). D Schematic representing the OSBPL2, β-catenin, and truncated proteins. E Co-IP assays were used to verify the interaction of OSBPL2 with β-catenin or the truncated (N-terminal, SRP, and C-terminal) fractions in HEK293T cells. HEK293T cells co-expressing the truncated HA-tagged (N-terminal) β-catenin and FLAG-tagged OSBPL2 were used as negative controls. F Co-IP assays were used to verify the interaction of β-catenin with the truncated OSBPL2 (ORD). HEK293T cells expressing HA-tagged β-catenin only were used as a negative control. G Co-IP assays were used to verify the interaction of the ORD of OSBPL2 with β-catenin or truncated (SRP or C-terminal) fraction. HEK293T cells expressing HA-tagged β-catenin only were used as a negative control. All data are from three independent experiments. The data are presented as the mean ± SD values (n ≥ 3). ***P < 0.001.
7). agnetic Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites Boosts Craniomaxillofacial Bone Regeneration by Modulating circAars/miR-128-3p/SMAD5 Signaling Axis. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 2024 [IF=6.6]
8). Isobavachalcone, a natural sirtuin 2 inhibitor, exhibits anti-triple-negative breast cancer efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2024 (PubMed: 38349045) [IF=6.1]
9). Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of endometrial epithelial cells may contribute to the development of endometriosis. HUMAN REPRODUCTION, 2016 (PubMed: 27094478) [IF=6.0]

Application: WB    Species: human    Sample:

Figure 2 The expression of epithelial –mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and b-catenin was detected at each time point. (A) Immunoblotting analysis of human primary cultured endometrial epithelial cell extracts using the corresponding antibodies. The ratios of each protein relative to non-treated cells were normalized to GAPDH. (B) The relative expression of HIF-1a, N-cadherin, E-cadherin, b-catenin, vimentin and snail proteins in human endometrial epithelial glands under hypoxic conditions at each time point was investigated by western blot. Data are represented as mean+SD and are representative of the relative expression of protein normalized by GAPDH. All experiments were repeated four times. Data were evaluated by one-way ANOVA analysis (*P , 0.05, **P , 0.01 compared with untreated group). (C) The changed cellular morphologies of human endometrial epithelial glands in hypoxia compared with cells in normoxia, the hypoxic time was 48 h. Red arrows indicate the spindle-shaped and fibroblast-like cells.

Application: IHC    Species: human    Sample:

Figure 1 EMT occurs in endometrial epithelial cells of ovarian endometriosis samples. Representative photomicrographs of HIF-1a (A–C), b-catenin (D–F), E-cadherin (G–I), N-cadherin (J–L) and vimentin (M–O) in normal endometrium (A, D, G, J, M), eutopic endometrium (B, E, H, K, N) and ovarian endometriosis (C, F, I, L,O). (P)Colon cancer tissue that was positive for HIF-1a. (Q) Healthy liver tissue that was negative for HIF-1a. (R) Peptide-blocking reagent without antibody was applied as the negative controls. Photographs were taken at magnifications of ×200 (left panels) and ×400 (right panels). N, normal endometrium; U, eutopic endometrium; E, ovarian endometriosis.
10). TNIK drives castration-resistant prostate cancer via phosphorylating EGFR. iScience, 2024 (PubMed: 38226156) [IF=5.8]

Application: IHC    Species: Mouse    Sample:

Figure 6 Targeting TNIK suppresses CRPC tumor progression in vivo (A) C4-2 cells were implanted subcutaneously in male BALB/c mice. When tumors became palpable, mice administered daily by oral gavage either with vehicle (10% DMSO in PBS) or NCB0846 (80 mg/kg of body weight) for 10 days (n = 4 mice for each treatment). Tumor volumes were measured with calipers. (B) Tumor size of xenografts of the above represented the growth of tumor over 10 days (n = 4) in athymic nude mice (p < 0.001). Data are shown as mean ± SD. (C) Tumor weight of the control mice tumors and NCB-0846-treated mice tumors (p < 0.001). Data are shown as mean ± SD. (D) Body weight of nude mice after implantation of control or C4-2 xenografts and treatment with vehicle or NCB-0846 for 4 weeks. (E) Quantitation of Ki-67, TNIK, p-EGFR, β-catenin, vimentin, E-cadherin, BMP6, and BMP7 expressions in C4-2 xenograft tumors from each group; specimens were got at 10 days posttreatment. Scale bars: 500 μm. The IHC was scored according to number of cells expressing the indicated proteins, and statistical analysis was performed (non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test) in order to determine significance. Data are shown as mean ± SD.
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